Abnormal Psychology (4)
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- Created by: hayleygains
- Created on: 01-05-15 19:22
How is generalised anxiety disorder different from phobias?
The anxiety is focused on everything but nothing in particular
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How many people are affected by generalised anxiety disorder?
1 in 50 people are affected at some point in life
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What is the ratio of females to males who suffer from GAD?
2:1 F:M
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What is GAD commonly treated with?
BZs like valium and librium which stimulate GABA
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For a DSM diagnoses of GAD, how long does excessive or ongoing anxiety and worry about events or activities have to persist for?
at least 6 months
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What is the psychodynamic perspective of GAD?
children repeatedly prevented from expressing id impulses experience moral anxiety from experiencing id impulses
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What is the cognitive perspective of GAD?
dysfunctional thinking and maladaptive beliefs lead to over-reactions to stressful events
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What is the humanistic perspective of GAD?
children who receive a lot of criticism develop overly harsh standards and become overly critical of themselves
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What is the biological perspective of GAD?
too few or less effective GABA receptors
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Which areas of the brain are involved in anxiety? (Schnienle et al 2011)
the prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, the amygdala
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According to the ICD 10, what are phobic disorders?
A group of disorders in which anxiety is evoked only, or predominantly, in certain well defined situations that are not currently dangerous
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What three things does the ICD associate with phobia disorders?
avoidance, physical symptoms (e.g. faintness), and secondary fears (dying, losing control, going mad)
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What are the five categories of specific phobias as defined by the ICD 10?
animals, natural environments, situations, blood/injections/injury, other
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What did Smith 1975 find out about Motmot birds?
Their fear of coral snakes is innate (not learned) and specific (not generalised) to coral snakes
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What is the preparedness hypothesis? (Mineka et al 1984)
A species may be innately prepared to develop a fear, but will only develop it if in the right environment
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What did Mineka and Cook 1988 find in support of the preparedness hypothesis?
fear or snakes was only learned if observed and observational learning did not work for all objects
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What is the first part of the brain to register a fear stimulus?
the thalamus
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Where does the thalamus send the info of the fear stimulus?
the amygdala (registers danger, triggers physical reaction) and the visual cortex (for considered response)
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which part of the brain is highly activated when we see a fearful expression?
the amygdala
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What is social phobia as defined by the ICD 10?
irrational fear of scrutiny by other people leading to avoidance of a social situation
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what is the lifetime prevalence of social phobia?
6%
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What % of people have occasional panic attacks?
8-12%
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Which gender are more likely to have panic disorder? (recurring panic attacks)
women are twice as likely
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What three symptoms occur after a panic attacks for a DSM IV diagnosis of panic disorder?
persistern concern about additional attacks, worry about the consequences of the attack, significant change in behaviour
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What is the role of the Locus Ceruleus? (linked to panic)
increases awareness, watchfulness and activates the fight or flight response
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Which neurotransmitter/hormone is released from the locus ceruleus?
norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
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What is the prevalence rate of OCD?
2.5%
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Where is there high neural activity in the brains of those with OCD?
the caudate nucleus and the orbitofrontal cortex
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What are the most common obsession experienced by those with OCD?
contamination, aggression, death, sex, disease, orderliness, disfigurement
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What are the most common compulsions experiences by those with OCD?
cleaning, checking, repeating, ordering, arranging, counting
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What is another name for Post-traumatic stress disorder?
acute stress disorder
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What is the relationship between PTSD and hippocampal volume?
A smaller hippocampal volume is related to more severe PTSD symptoms
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People with dissociation are more likely to develop PTSD, what are two symptoms of dissociation?
feeling removed from one's body or emotion and being unable to remember the event
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What are the variations of exposure therapy?
in vivo (real life), imagined, virtual reality and interoceptive (deliberately bringing on physical reactions)
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What are the different approaches to exposure therapies?
graded (hierarchy), flooding, systematic desensitisation (graded+relaxation) and modelling
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How do exposure therapies help anxiety disorders?
habituations, extinction, self efficacy, emotional processing
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How many people are affected by generalised anxiety disorder?
Back
1 in 50 people are affected at some point in life
Card 3
Front
What is the ratio of females to males who suffer from GAD?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is GAD commonly treated with?
Back
Card 5
Front
For a DSM diagnoses of GAD, how long does excessive or ongoing anxiety and worry about events or activities have to persist for?
Back
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