The way the atoms in a substance are held together
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What does 'structure' mean?
The way the atoms are arranged in a substance, relative to one another
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Name three types of structures that can exist in giant lattices
Ionic, covalent network and metallic
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Name two types of structures that can exist in molecular form
Covalent molecules and macromolecules (e.g. polymers)
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How does the type of particles in a solid substance contains affect its properties?
The particles may be atoms, ions or molecules. Ions will enable the substance to conduct electricity when molten or dissolved. If a substance contains ions or polar molecules, it may dissolve in water
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How does the way the particles in a solid substance are bonded together affect its properties?
The stronger the bonds then the higher the melting and boiling points of the substance and the greater its hardness
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How does the structure of a solid substance contains affect its properties?
The particles may be arranged in 1D chains, 2D sheets or can be in many different kinds of 3D arrangements. E.g. polymers with 1D molecules are often flexible while silica is a 3D network structure and is hard
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Going across the Periodic Table, what is the trend of the structures of the elements? (For the first 20)
H is a covalent molecule then from left to right goes metallic, covalent network, covalent molecules and finally monatomic (for the noble gases)
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What is special about carbon's structure?
It exists in different forms. Diamond and graphite are covalent network structures whereas fullerenes are molecular structures
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State what type of particles the following structures contain: ionic, covalent network, metallic, simple molecular, macromolecular.
Ions, atoms, positive ions surrounded by delocalised electrons, small molecules, long-chain molecules
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In ionic structures how are the particles bonded together?
Strong ionic bonds; attraction between the oppositely charged ions
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In covalent network structures how are the particles bonded together?
Strong covalent bonds where atoms share electrons. The atoms are bonded due to the shared electrons' attraction to each atoms' nuclei
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In metallic structures how are the particles bonded together?
The outer electrons of each metal's atom contribute to a 'sea' of electrons, moving through the lattice. Each positively charged metal ion is attracted to the negatively charged delocalised electrons (electrostatic attractions are the metallic bonds)
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In simple molecular structures how are the particles bonded together?
Weak intermolecular bonds between molecules; strong covalent bonds between the atoms within the molecules
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In macromolecular structures how are the particles bonded together?
Weak intermolecular bonds between molecules; strong covalent bonds between atoms within molecules
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The melting and boiling points of ionic structures are...
High
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The melting and boiling points of covalent network structures are...
Very high
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The melting and boiling points of metallic structures are...
Generally high (except mercury)
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The melting and boiling points of simple molecular structures are...
Low
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The melting and boiling points of macromolecular structures are...
Moderate. The structures often decompose on heating
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Compare the hardness of the following structures: ionic, covalent and metallic
Hard but brittle, very hard if 3D, hard but malleable (except mercury)
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Compare the hardness of simple molecular and macromolecular structures
Soft, variable (many are soft but often flexible)
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State which of the following structures conduct electricity: ionic, covalent networks, metallic.
Conduct when molten or dissolved in wter, don't normally conduct except graphite, conduct when solid or liquid
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What are electrolytes?
Substances which can undergo electrolysis
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State whether simple molecular and macromolecular structures conduct electricity
Don't conduct, don't normally conduct
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Covalent network and metallic structures are soluble in water. True or false?
False
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Ionic substances and macromolecules are soluble in water. True or false?
Ionic is true, macromolecules is false
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Simple molecular structures are usually insoluble in water. When can they be soluble?
If the molecules contain groups which can hydrogen bond with water then they can dissolve
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Ionic, covalent network and metallic structures all are not soluble in non-polar solvents e.g. hexane. True or false?
True
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Are simple molecular structures and macromolecular structures soluble in non-polar solvents e.g. hexane?
SM usually soluble which M are sometimes soluble
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What does 'structure' mean?
Back
The way the atoms are arranged in a substance, relative to one another
Card 3
Front
Name three types of structures that can exist in giant lattices
Back
Card 4
Front
Name two types of structures that can exist in molecular form
Back
Card 5
Front
How does the type of particles in a solid substance contains affect its properties?
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