5.1 Individual Differences
0.0 / 5
- Created by: 12ec8077
- Created on: 26-03-19 19:05
Aggression
Intent to harm, outside the rules of the sporting event
1 of 41
Assertion
Forceful behaviour, within the laws of the event
2 of 41
Evaluate the Instinct Theory of Aggression
Aggression in innate/feel release of aggression through catharsis/some people are always aggressive/contradicted by SLT/too simplistic/not all humans show aggressive behaviour/aggression is usually provoked, it's not spontaneous
3 of 41
Evaluate the Frustration-aggression hypothesis
States that frustration will always leads to aggression due to blocking of goals increasing drive/aggression will reduce the frustration leading to catharsis/frustration doesn't always lead to aggression/Contradicted by SLT (motivation)
4 of 41
Evaluate the Aggressive cue hypothesis
An increase in frustration increases an person's arousal level, creating a predisposition for aggression/certain stimuli (cue) must be present which they associate with aggression
5 of 41
Evaluate the Social Learning Theories view on aggression
Aggression is learned/model other's behaviour/learn through observing and copying others/contradicted by Instinct Theory
6 of 41
Social Facilitation
The positive influence of others, who may be watching or competing, on sports performance
7 of 41
Social Inhibition
The negative effect of others, who may be watching or competing, which leads to a decrease in sports performance
8 of 41
Coactors
Other performers performing the same activity
9 of 41
Zajonc's factors affecting performance
Presence of an audience, cofactors increases performer's arousal levels/this makes it more likely that the DR will occur/simple skill, performer is an expert the DR will be correct/complex skill, performer is an expert DM will be incorrect
10 of 41
Evaluation Apprehension
A rise in a performer's arousal levels when they perceive their audience,coactors to be evaluating or judging the performance
11 of 41
Anxiety
Negative emotional state associated with arousal/worry or apprehension felt
12 of 41
Trait Anxiety
a general feeling of apprehension enduring in an individual/generalised/innate
13 of 41
State Anxiety
Anxiety felt in a particular situation
14 of 41
Competitive Anxiety
Worry or apprehension felt during or about competitive situations
15 of 41
Two type of State Anxiety
Somatic - the body's response e.g. sweating, increase HR, tension/Cognitive - psychological worry over the situation
16 of 41
Eliminating Aggression
Avoid situations which initiate the response/increase peer pressure to be not aggressive/reinforce not aggressive acts/remove player from situation/punish an aggressive participant/show non aggressive role model/control arousal levels
17 of 41
Peak Flow Experience
Elite performers/'in the zone'/no conscious thought processes due to motor programmes stored in LTM/automatic movements so can focus on tactics/high levels of confidence/zone of optimal functioning/relaxed
18 of 41
Cue Utilisation
As the arousal level increases, attention narrows/performer needs to focus or relevant cues and ignore irrelevant ones
19 of 41
Most common personality traits
Type A/Type B/stable/unstable or neurotic/extroversion/introversion
20 of 41
Type A Personality
Characteristics of impatience, intolerance and high levels of stress
21 of 41
Type B Personality
Someone who has a relaxed tolerant approach and usually has low stress levels
22 of 41
Extrovert Personality
Someone who seeks social situations, like excitement, but can't concentrate well
23 of 41
Introvert Personality
Someone who doesn't seek social situations and likes peace and quiet, but is good at concentrating
24 of 41
Stable Personality
Someone who is constant in their emotional behaviour and doesn't swing from one emotion to another
25 of 41
Unstable/neurotic Personality
Someone who is highly anxious and has unpredictable emotions
26 of 41
Social Learning Theories approach to Personality
States that a person's personality changes and is influenced by the environment/our personalities are shaped by those around us/we are more likely to adopt the personality of our role models
27 of 41
Interactionist Approach to personality
B=f(PxE) The integration between personality and the situation determines our behaviour/both trait and SLT have some value/we are born with certain traits but when our traits interact with environmental factors our personality traits are affected
28 of 41
Personality
The patterns of thoughts and feelings and the way in which we interact with the environment and other people that makes us a unique person
29 of 41
The Catastrophe Theory
Arousal increase, performance increase/until optimum where performance falls dramatically/ due high cognitive anxiety+increasing somatic/after 'catastrohpe' high arousal, further decrease/lower arousal, increase performance but not to optimum point
30 of 41
The Drive Theory
Direct correlation between arousal and performance/as arousal increases, performance increases/Hull states learn't behaviour is more likely to occur as arousal increases/therefore performance is dependant on dominant response/doesn't explain fails
31 of 41
The Inverted U Theory
Arousal increases,performance increase/until optimum point where performance decreases/under arousal/over arousal/optimum arousal/task - fine=low arousal/skill - complex+expert = high/ personality- extrovert =low
32 of 41
Under arousal
Decreased performance/ attentional broadening (not filtering out irrelevant information causing an information overload)
33 of 41
Optimum Arousal
Ideal width of attentional field/ positive effects of cue utilisation and selective attention/maximising capacity to make fast, ACCURATE decisions
34 of 41
Over Arousal
Hyper vigilance/filter out relevant cues/leading to poor decision making
35 of 41
Attitude
an emotional response that influences behaviour and brings about an individual's typical actions towards an attitude object
36 of 41
Features of an attitude
Can be positive (favouritism)/can be negative (prejudice)/an attitude is leant/can last a lifetime/is unstable so can be changed
37 of 41
Attitude formation
Triadic model/Cognitive element (belief)/affective element (emotions)/behavioural element (behaviour)
38 of 41
Changing attitudes
Persuasive communication/Cognitive dissonance
39 of 41
Cognitive Dissonance
Changing one component of the triadic model/causes a psychological conflict the body naturally wants to restore back to equilibrium/drive for consonance (motivates a person to restore balance)
40 of 41
Persuasive Communication
Verbal Persuasion/4 components/persuader - high status, role model/message - presented in a way thats unambiguous and makes them want to change/recipient - must want to change/situation - more persuaders present, more likely the attitude will change
41 of 41
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Forceful behaviour, within the laws of the event
Back
Assertion
Card 3
Front
Aggression in innate/feel release of aggression through catharsis/some people are always aggressive/contradicted by SLT/too simplistic/not all humans show aggressive behaviour/aggression is usually provoked, it's not spontaneous
Back
Card 4
Front
States that frustration will always leads to aggression due to blocking of goals increasing drive/aggression will reduce the frustration leading to catharsis/frustration doesn't always lead to aggression/Contradicted by SLT (motivation)
Back
Card 5
Front
An increase in frustration increases an person's arousal level, creating a predisposition for aggression/certain stimuli (cue) must be present which they associate with aggression
Back
Similar Physical Education resources:
0.0 / 5
4.5 / 5 based on 11 ratings
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
3.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
0.0 / 5
0.0 / 5
3.0 / 5 based on 1 rating
Comments
No comments have yet been made