Part two- 1890 to 1920 American Society

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  • Created by: H@r/3y
  • Created on: 02-09-20 18:02
  • 1890 to ww1 society transformed- pop increased and moved; rural to urban/region to region
  • social attitudes changed
  • social changed shaped by Atlantic migration
  • +18million euro immigrants came adding to millions arrived after CW
  • migrants- changed by experiences of settling in a new society also changed US
  • immigration=symptom and cause of dynamic expansion to US econ
  • many were econ. migrants promised of a better life and of work in US-provided vast pool of labour and domestic consumers to fuel econ. boom
  • most =urban dwellers
  • were in a sense passive victims of urbansisation
  • new cities -shaped by cultural identities of migrants, took on character of inhabitants (sights, sounds,cooking smells) eg. Little Italy NY/ Polish Triangle Chicago
  • impact of immigration & rapid urbanisation = positive and productive - fuelled econ growth, add cultural richness
  • also tension and divisions by new and older settlers
  • widening divisions between city and countryside/ N & S/ wets and drys
  • growth of power and prosperity accompanied by social upheavals
  • 1890 and ww1= 18.4million immigrants
  • continued to come from germany/scandi/GB but new wave mostly austria-hungary/s Italy and Russian empire, many were jews (1/3 of jews in Russia and E euro. emigrated)
  • push factors: poverty and hunger (Italy), persecution (policy of russification, Tsarist Russia under alexander III after 1881)
  • pull factors: land of riches and freedom, join previously established communitites
  • 1890-1914 push and pull factors=strong
  • improvements to transport and communication helped migration
  • ships=bigger and faster with departure ports in Bremen, Hamburg, Liverpool
  • 1890 immigration centre Castle Garden, NY couldn't cope and closed - new one on Ellis Island opened 1892
  • not all came to stay, nearly 1/3 returned
  • rate of return varied between communities; 20% scandis returned, 60% italians, 3% Russian Jews=show different motives behind emigrations
  • 80% italians were male-came to work to send money home to family
  • Jews most came as family for permanent life- 50% female and 25% kids
  • jews were poor but not bad educated- 1908-12, 80% of men & 63% women were literate
  • 2/3 jewish men counted selves as skilled compared to 16% of italians
  • immigration…

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