MODULE 2 - Intermolecular forces

An intramolecular force - Any force that holds together the atoms making up a molecule or compound.

examples of intramolecular forces are:

- Ionic bonds which hold ions together through the strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

- Convalent bonds which hold atoms together through the sharing of electrons. 

An Intermolecular forces - The forces of attraction or repulsion which act between neighboring particles (atoms, molecules or ions). These are weak compared to the intramolecular forces, the forces which keep a molecule together.

There are three types of intermolecular forces (ordered by strength):

- Hydrogen bonding 

- Permanent dipole-dipole interactions

- Van der waals' forces (induced dipole forces)

Permanent dipole-dipole interactions - only between polar molecules

- A weak attractive force between permanent dipoles in neighbouring polar molecules.

These forces occur when the permanent dipole of one molecule attracts the permanent dipole of another, this is because the slightly negative part of the molecule becomes electrostatically attracted to the slightly positive part of a neighbouring…