Functional groups

Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds. When a hydrogen atom get replaced by another atom, or groups of atoms, a member of a new homologous series is formed. The atom or group of atoms is called a functional group. 

Halogenoalkanes 

A halogen replaces a hydrogen, and this forms a halogenoalkane. The general formula is CnH2n+1X.  Where  X is a halogen. 

e.g. bromobutane - CH3CH2CH2CH2BR 

The aliphatic primary monohydric…