Cell Structure and Organizatiom

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·        Cell Structure and Organisation

A cell is the smallest unit that can carry on all the processes of life.
All organisms are made of cells, organisms are made of several organ systems, each organ system contains several organs, each organ contains several tissues; each tissue is made of cells. Cells are very tiny they could be seen only through a microscope. We have two types of cells:

·         Plant Cell

·         Animal Cell

http://www.xtremepapers.com/images/gcse/biology/cell_structure_and_organisation/plant_and_animal_cells.png

As you can see from the diagram, there are some features found in plant cells but not in animal cells.

 

Features found in both plant and animal cells:

Cell surface membrane: This is a partially permeable membrane separating the cell from the environment it’s made of lipid and protein, it controls movement of substances in and out, its strong but flexible.

Cytoplasm: This is a jelly like substance, its made of mostly water and protein. Metabolic reactions occur in it.

Nucleus: This determines how the cell behaves and it contains chromosomes made of strings of DNA which also determines which proteins the cell should make etc.

Features found in only plant cells:

Cell Wall: This is a rigid layer surrounding the cell made of cellulose, it gives the plant its shape and prevents it from bursting.

Chloroplasts: They are sacs which contain chlorophyll which is a green pigment that traps sunlight for photosynthesis.

Vacuole: This is a large room in the center of the cell, it stores sugars and salts and controls movement of water in and out of the cell.

Animal cells store sugars in glycogen form but plant cells store it as starch. Animal cells have an irregular shape but plant cells have a regular shape.

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