Cell structure

Eukaryotic organisms 

• Eukaryotic cells make up multiple cellular organisms such as plants or animals. 
• They are complec cells with a nucleus and membrane bound organelle. 

Cell structure and function 

Nuceli 

• Largest organelle 
• Dark patches- chromatin 
• Surrounded by nuclear envelope 
• Composed of double membrane 
• Has nuclear pore 
• Nucelus- controls cells acitivies
• Nucleolus- makes ribosomes 
• Nuclear pore- allows substances to move between nucleus and cytoplasm. 

Rough endoplasmic reticulum 

• A system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space. 
• The surface is covered with ribosomes. 
• Folds and processes proteins. 

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum 

• Similar to rough endoplasmic reticulum, but with no ribosomes. 
• Synthesises and processes lipids. 

Mitochondria 

• 2 membranes separated by a fluid filled space. 
• Inner membrane is folded to form cristae. 
• Central part is the matrix. 
• The site of aerobic respiration. 
• Aerobic respiration produces ATP- a common energy source in the cell.

Glogi vesicle 

• Small fluid filled sac produced by glogi. 
• Transports lipids and proteins out of the cell. 

Lysosomes 

• Spherical sacs surrounded by a single membrane. 
• Contains digestive enzymes which break down mateirals. 
• E.g. specalised lysosome (acrosome) in head of sperm helps it penetrate the egg. 

Glogi apparatus 

• A stack of membrane bound, fluid filled, flattened sacs.
• Processes and packages new lipids and proteins. 

Chloroplasts 

• Double membrane. 
• Inner membrane makes a netword of thylakoids. 
• A stack of thylakoids is called a granum. 
• Site where photosynthesis takes place. 
• Convert light energy of the sun into sugars that can be used by cells. 

Vacuoles (plants)

• Membrane bound organelle found in the cytoplasm. 
• Contains cell sap a weak solution of sugar and salts.
• Surrounding membrane is called the…