agriculture

agriculture 

biological resources: requirement with global expanding pop to supply + provide food  + forest resources without damagin the planets life support systems 

the interaction + synoptic links of production of biological resources include: conservation of biodiversity, energy resources, pollution, physical enviro

what are the issues with agriculture: the imapct of the biospehere, use of other enviro resources in agriculture, pollution caused by agricutlure, development, long term food security 

the imapct of agricutlture of the biosphere: way change land use to increase food supply has imapct on other species survival

use of other enviro resources in agriculture: need to achieve high outputs of food which means large inputs of resources e.g. energy, water, fertilisers, materials, machinery 

pollution cuased by agriculture: pollutantsd - food waste/bi production food production, use of manure, pesticide drift, fertiliser leachate, eutrophication of water ways 

development: agriculture is global industry 

long term food security - sustainable food managment as can control + manipulate our production 

agroecosystems - farmland is an artificial ecosystem

agroecosystems are defined as communities of plants + animals interacting with their physical enviro that have been modified by people to produce food, fibre, fuel + other procducts for human consumption 

croplands cover 14% of total ice free land area of planet 

with growing pop its important furture agriculture is sustainable 

three agricultural principles: 

• agriculture invovles the control of terrestrial ecosystems to divert energy + nutrients into human food chain, three pricniples are: 
• species selection 
• control of enviro factors to manipulate production - control of abiotic + biotic factors to control production
• manipulation of food species to improve productivity 

species selection: 

choice of whihc species + varieties of crops/livestock are selcted for cultivation depend on factors: market dmans + access, whether enviro conditions are within range of tolerance of food psecies, whether eviro conditons/species adaptations be controlled

• range of criteria ised to select suitable crop/animal: environmental, social/cultural, ethical, technological, economic, political, finacial support 
• eviromental - exploitation of resources, global geology, global climate weather patterns.
• social/cultural - dietary e.g. far eastern meat markets 
• ethical - lifestyle choice organic vs other, dietary, fairness 
• technological - global disparity
• economic - affordability - affordability of machinery, tech, processing plants, labour costs 
• religious - hindus not eat beef 
• politcal - private farms, state owned 
• finacial support - subsidies, grant schemes 

factors that dicate which species are chosen: market deman + access, enviro condition within species range of tolerance, control of enviro conditions to improve productivity/species adapted 

abiotic factors + thier control: every abiotci factor each species has own range of tolerance within whihc it can survive, part of range be optimum for survival + growth, maintaining conditions within optimum range will maximise productivity 

• species range of tolerance, optimum for survival + growth, maintaining conditions within optimum range to minimise productivity 

abiotic factors: air, soil, water, topography/relief, light, minerals, temp, pest control 

water - fudnamental to life 

the hydrologicdal growing season is the length of the year that there is sufficient water to sustain growth

soil fetility: 

• is measure of…