War and the fall of Mussolini 0.0 / 5 ? HistoryMussoliniASAQA Created by: Laura ThompsonCreated on: 17-04-15 14:06 Italy's international position in 1939 Superficially secure Empire in North Africa prestige for M on the world stage Signing of Pacto fo Steel meant Mussolini was tied to Hitler Mussolini thought WW2 would be like WW1 where there was a huge stale-mate He could come in at the end and claim all the glory Internationally far weaker position than seemed Weaker than Hitler Reason why he let Anchluss happen He couldn't prevent it Ruined key policies to expand Italian influence over Austria Fear of Germany Not yet militarily prepared for war M told H I would not be ready for war untill 1943 Sept. 1939: Italy "non-belligerent" No coherent strategy No clear aims 1 of 9 Reasons for entering the war June 1940 Fear what might go wrong missing out loosing popularity Hitler not joining soon enough Joining too late Greed opportunism Break free from British sea power and fulfil ambitions in the Balkans, Mediterranean, Africa M's "shopping list" of territorial demands at the peace settlement at the end of the war No concessions Ideology War to glorify Fascism Italy needed it to stay in the world powers Turn the Italians into hardened Fascists He wanted to do something 2 of 9 Significance of entering the war 1940 momentous Lead to collapse of Fascist regime years of hardship Civil war in Italy M overthrown 1943 captured killed anti-fascist partisans 1945 3 of 9 War effort in Mediterranean and North Africa October 1940 parallell war Mediterranean M blamed H for not taking action Africa lack of military power pushed backwards failing badly lost 1941 Germany intervened Balkans German military intervention Summer 1943 Allies invaded southern Italy people turned against M King dismissed him 4 of 9 Opposition to Mussolini and removal from power 194 bad war effort lead the way for anti-fascist parties to open up Anti-fascist partisans who were against the regime all along the normal Italian nation was also against their leader Bad morale for the war people could work together bring down their fascist leader once and for all four main groups: actionists, communists, socialists, Catholics For the first time in forever; these four groups worked together Allies July 1943, M removed from power by King Victor Emanuel. April 1945, he was arrested by Anti-fascist partisans and then shot. 5 of 9 Salo republic Italian social republic Salo republic 'puppet state' controlled by Germans small lake side resort, west of Lake Grada, where some Government was based no real authority various government departments scattered throughout the region M lived at Gardone, miles north of Salo Many key sections were in Milan many miles and hours away Germans refused request to be based in Milan fear of bombing raids Germans wanted to prevent M from having sufficient power base only lasted 600 days (nearly 2 years) winter 1944-1945, when the Salo republic was already breaking down. 6 of 9 Mussolini's capture and death In April 1945, he was arrested by Anti-fascist partisans and then shot 3rd Reich facing final defeat German occupation of Italy coming to an end Mussolini 61 years old fascism lost energy and freshness so had leaders 9 April Allies launched final offensive on Italian front M gave up and left 25 April headed to Lake Como with Clara Pettaci 7 of 9 Why the Fascist regime Collapsed Main reason 1945 Axis defeated German armies retreated Salo republic no longer survived 1943 Mussolini dismissed Italian involvement in war gone wrong complex mixture of forein and domestic issues 8 of 9 inter-relationship of domestic and foreign policy If italy had stayed out, there wouldn't be such a financial strain or political upheavals Italy's 'parralel' war was piointless as they kept on having to be rescued by the Germans Mussolini's unrealistic foreign ambitions damaged the economy more Italy lost popularity because of it's allieance with Germany 45 days from July to September 1943 showed how decisive Mussolini was compared to the king controlled by the Germans in the North Controlled by allies in the South Living conditions poor after the war, the fate of Italy was in foreign hands economic foreign aid influenced by allies 9 of 9
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