tectonic activity and hazards
- Created by: dom
- Created on: 26-05-15 11:30
DEFINITIONS - TECTONIC
EVENT - result of movement or deformation of the earths crust, usually earthquake or volcanoes
HAZARD - when an event has potential to have an impact on people resulting in loss of life and/or physcial damage to property
DISASTER - when a tectonic event occurs and causes extensive loss of life, damage and destruction.
PHYSICAL EVENT PROFILE OF HAZARDS
- MAGNITUDE
- SPEED OF ONSET
- DURATION
- AREAL EXTENT
- SPATIAL PREDICTABILITY
- FREQUENCY
ASIAN TSUNAMI
SOUTH EAST ASIAN TSUNAMI - 2004 boxing day
226,000 deaths - $9.9 billion damage - 500,000 injured - 9.2 magnitude earthquake (indian ocean) - 13 countries affected - huge areal extent
diseases killed 150,000
destruction of builidng material and transport made rescue efforts harder
poor building strucutre (ledc) - indonesia worst affected
tsunami warning system put in place - uneducated before hand
billions of aid provided - red cross
USE CASE STUDY FOR - MAGNITUDE, LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT, LACK OF KNOWLEDGE, AREAL EXTENT, FREQUENCY (doesnt happen alot)
JAPANESE TSUNAMI
JAPANESE TOHOKU TSNUAMI 2011 -
15,854 deaths - $235 billion damage - 8.9 magnitude
compare with asian tsunami - more developed= less deaths ( things like sea walls put in place to defend)
more valuble buildings = more $ damage
FUKISHIMA power plant destroyed - radiation secondary hazard
military helped evacuation
USE CASE STUDY FOR - LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT, FREQUENCY, MAGNITUDE,
NYRIOGONGO VOLCANO
2002 EARTHQUAKE CONGO
VEI STRENGTH -1 - 120,000 homeless - congo gdp per capita - $406 (ledc)
nearest city GOMA - POPULATION OF 1 MILLION - densely populated ( vulnerable population)
400,000 people evacuated
unicef flew aid in - food - water in tankers
USE CASESTUDY FOR - LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT, VULNERABLE POPULATION (lack of choice) , COMPARE WITH EYJAFALLAJOKULL- population density and magnitude?
EYJAFJALLAJOKULL VOLCANO
ICELAND 2010 - VEI STRENGTH OF 3/4
DEATH TOLL 0 - population of entire iceland 323,000 (low density)
GDP$ 47,500 MEDC
800 EVACUATED
USE CASE STUDY FOR - MAGNITUDE (big but not much damage - exception - anomalie), LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT, AND POPULATION DENSITY COMPARE TO NYRIOGONGO
MERAPI VOLCANO
INDONESIA 2010 - VEI 4
DEATH TOLL - 360 - 360,000 HOMELESS
600 MILLION $ DAMAGE - TOURISM AND FARMING
GDP PER CAPITA -$3500
About 70,000 people live in the immediate vicinity of the volcano = HIGH POP DENSITY = CROWDED EVACUATION CENTRES
USE CASE STUDY FOR - MAGNITUDE (compare to iceland volcono), POPULATION DENSITY
IRANIAN EARTHQUAKE
1990 - 7.3 MAGNITUDE
50,000 DEAD
RESCUE WORKS DELAYED BY AFTER SHOCKS AND SECONDARY HAZARDS LIKE LANDSLIDES - ADDING TO DEATH TOLLL
RAPIDLY RISING POPULATION AND LOCAL CONFLICT MEANT BUILDING STANDARDS WERE NOT SATISFACTORY (IRAN/IRAQ WAR)
USE CS FOR - MAGNITUDE, CONFLICT, POPULATION SIZE
IRANIAN EARTHQUAKE 2
1997 - MAGNITUDE 7.1
2400 DEATHS - AID FOR HOMELESSNESS CAME WITHIN 3 DAYS
THIS TIME BETTER BUILIDING REGULATIONS - LESS DEATHS
EDUCATION AND EVACUATION ROUTES WERE PLANNED THIS TIME
COMPARE TO 1990 IRANIAN ONE - SIMILAR SIZED, MODYFYING VULNERABILTY (EVACUATION ROUTES), MODYFYING EVENT ( SEISMIC BUILDINGS )
ALSO COMPARE SECONDARY HAZARDS IMPORTANCE - 1990 HAD THEM 1997 DIDNT
CONFLICT ENDED
COMPARING MAGNITUDE
HAITI 2010 - 1.3 MILLION HOMELESS/ 316,OOO DEATHS
MAGNITUDE 7
COMPARE TOO......
SANBORTON IN 2015 USA
MAGNITUDE 2.3 = 0 DEATHS, 0 HOMELESS
COMPARING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
MT PINATUBO 1991 - KILLED 847 - 400 DUE TO DISEASE
GDP PER CAPITA $715
POOR BUILDING STRUCTURE - COLLAPSE OF BUILDINGS
COMPARE TO ........
MT ST HELENS 1980
GDP PER CAPITA $12,500
TECHNOLOGY TO PREDICT - CLOSED CERTAIN AREAS - EVACUATION
ONLY 62 DIED
COMPARING PREPARATION
KOBE EARTHQUAKE JAPAN - 1995 - 7.2 ON THE RICHTER SCALE
- MODERN BUILDINGS DESIGNED TO BE EARTHQUAKE PROOF,LESS BUILDINGS COLLAPSED
LESS DEATHS = 7,000 - MEDC MORE PREPARED HAD EVACUATION SYSTEMS IN PLACE
COMPARE TO....
SICHUAN 2008 - 7.9
80% OF BUILDINGS COLLAPSED LESS PREPARED - LEDC, 700 SCHOOLS COLLAPSED
DEATHS 70,000
COMPARING DURATION
SUMATRA - 9.1 MAGNITUDE - CAUSED BOXING DAY TSUNAMI - 24000 DEATHS
LASTED 10 MINUTES
COMPARE TO
TOHOKU - JAPAN 2011
LASTED 5 MINUTES - CAUSED 16000 DEATHS - TSUNAMI AS WELL
COMPARING TIME OF DAY
NEVADO DEL RUIZ ERUPTION 1985 - COLOMBIA - VEI STRENGTH 3 - HAPPENED DURING NIGHT - 23,000 DEATHS
LEDC UNPREPARED
COMPARE TO....
MONTSERAT 1997 - CARRIBEAN - DAYTIME - 20 DEATHS - ABLE TO EVACUATE - 50% OF POPULATION M0VED UP NORTH
VEI STRENGTH 3
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