Sociology AS

• Families = good -They create structure for society

• Pre industrial - families work together = unit of production
• After industrialisation - gender roles, family didn't work together, worked in factories

• Stage 1 -   Pre industrial - unit of production - Nuclear

• Stage 2 -   Early industrial - no longer unit of production - Extended

• Stage 3 -  After industrialisation- Symmetrical

• Pre Industrial =  Unit of production - extended

• Nuclear = Unit of consumption - loss of functions, gender roles, isolated

Nuclear family performs funtions

• Reproductive - making second generation
• Sexual - controlling sexual activity
• Education- primary socialisation
• Economic- teaches children about going to work and earning money

* Criticism - not all families are nuclear

Ruling class vs working class

• Society based on money
• Family=bad
• The family teahces communism and capitalism
• The family is a unit of consumption that contributes to capitalism

• Patriarchy = men dominant
• Fight for their rights

Marxist feminist

• Discrimination come from capitalism
• Women used as cheap labour
• Just there to produce children
• Reliant on the husband

Radical feminist

• Blame relationships for discrimination
• Men are in control
• Men are violent towards women
• Men = the enemy

• Laws make it cheaper to get divorce
• Legal aid
• Reform act - 1989
• Socially acceptable
• Religion is not as popular- not strict about divorce

People get divorce beacuse of empty shell marriages, when the marriage is no longer loving.

• Used to be not loving
• But now people want more out of a marriage
• Women are now less dependant so they can leave the marriage and support themselves

• Traditional views
• Family = good
• Believe in no cohabitation , divorce or homosexuals = bad
• Strict labour division
• Conjugal roles

However they believe the famiy is now bad because it is no longer traditional or nuclear.

Against the New Right

The family still

• have values
• want marriage
• cohabitate that leads to marriage
• are nuclear and symmetrical

 -The Neo conventional family

Disagree with Chester

All families are different

• cultural
• generational 
• social class
• religion

The study of population in an area

The UK has seen migration because of

• Slave trade
• People from the British Empire
• From the European Union

The UK is now more multicultural

Less children are being born

• Women are choosing not to have children
• Having children at a later life

Decline in infant mortality rates

• Better health care
• Better diet
• Better housing

Children used to work but now they cannot.

Past - Economic assets

Now - Economic liability

Past - 49 years old

Now- 81 years old

There are now more old people.

Decline in death rate

• better food
• better sanitation
• better housing

Retirement at an older age- paying taxes longer and taking less of out of pension. Government saving money.

1945- 1979 (equality)

• No policies for the family
• Great depression
• lots of problems
• welfare state comes along to get rid of the problems

1979-1997 (reform)

• New Right
• traditional
• people are too reliant on benefits
• introduce child support

1997- 2010 (equality)

• Help people into work- working tax credit
• sure start- help deprived families

Pre industrial 

• children- economic asset
• no toys
• same as adults

Industrialisation

• work in factories
• laws later banned this

After industrialisation

• children have more rights and laws
• 1989 children act

Western societies- children have improved life

• better values
• protected
• cared for
• child centred
• have laws and policies

Marxists - working class children benefit less

Feminists - girls benefit less- protected more

All children are not equal.