Sociology
- Created by: Danushi
- Created on: 14-11-16 19:55
Defintions
Norms - What is seen acceptable in society
Values - believe in something you do
Culture - The way of life for a specific group of people.
Ethnicity - Shared identity which can be based on people from the same background.
Multi - culturalism - A variety of different cultures and ethnic groups in the same area. E.g.London
Racism - Discrimination against somebody's ethnic group or race.
Socialization - teaching of the norms and values
Status - how much respect a person's gets
Roles - behavior and explanations for a person
Role conflict - two of your roles clashes
Defintions
Social control - Controlling the people within the society.
Gender socialisation - Socialised into the N+V of the gender.
Social class - Measured on a person's occupation (jobs)
Poverty - When you cannot fulfil the basic necessities.
Material deprivation - Cannot afford the basic material, e.g. textbook
Relative deprivation - Don't have what other people has, e.g. makeup
Example of norms and values
Norms - 1) working hard
2) extra curricular clubs
3) bring equipment to class
Values - 1) respect other religions
2) value education
3) punctuality
Examples of culture and ethnicity
White British - 1) Christmas
2) Christianity
3) Queen
Indian - 1) Curry
2) Diwali
3) Holi
Black African - 1) Drums
2) Bright colours
3) Meat
Examples of multiculturalism
Positive aspects of multiculturalism :
1) White eating curry
2) Learn about different cultures
3) Try different foods
4) Join festivals
5) Learn different languages
Negative aspects of multiculturalism:
1) Not respecting the religion which leads to racism
Socialisation
Media:
1) Substitute hearth which is the main agency than family
2) Injects us with messages
3) Media stereotypes
4) Social learning theory - learnt to be violent from the media
Family:
1) Primary socialisation
2) Teaches us the basic N+V
3) Gender socialisation
Socialisation
Religion:
1) Being a good person/ moral guidelines
2) Values - restrictions
Peer group:
1) Secondary socialisation
2) Peer pressure
3) Influence
Status
Ascribed status: born into wealth
E.g. 1) Queen
2) Kylie Jenner - goes into achieved too
Achieved status: work hard and gain status
E.g. 1) Rihanna
2) Alan Sugar
3) Simon Cowell
Examples of roles
Teacher: 1) mark books
Students: 1) Listen to teacher
2) Do the work
3) Get good grades
Father : 1) Look after
2) Provide for family financially
Social control
Informal social control: Other agencies of socialisation teaching you not to break the N+V, e.g. sanctions which can be positive and negative
Family:
- Pocket money
- Encourage you to carry on
- Grounded
Education:
- Positive sims
- Detention
- Post card home
Social control
Peer group:
- Praise you
- Gifts
- May not talk to you
Work:
- Promotion
- Suspend
- Demote you
Social control
Formal social control: The police and the criminal justice system teaches you not to break the law.
Criminal justice system
- Say positive things
- Arrest you
Religion
- Blessings
- Sins
Gender socialisation
Girls
- HASC
- Friendly
- Caring
- Dolls
Boys
- STEM
- Protect the family
- Cars/balls
- Work for the family
- Pressured to be masculine
Gender socialisation
Media
- Boys - drinking beer, objectifying women
- Women - fashion and beauty
Religion
- Women - raise children
- Men goes to work
Social class
Working class
- Section of people in society that does manual jobs. E.g. bus driver, cleaner
Middle class
- Section of people who work in non - manual jobs and professional work. E.g. teacher
Upper class
- Somebody who has been or married into a position of wealth or status. E.g. Queen
Poverty
Causes of poverty
- Unemployment
- Crime
- Institutional racism
- Government - minimum wage, low benefits and pensions
Impact of poverty
- Unemployed
- Homeless
- Cultural deprivation
- Material deprivation
Charities which help people living in poverty
Bernado's
- This is a children's charity which aims to help children, young people and families living poverty. They do a lot of campaigning towards the government to try and help these people.
E.g.
1) Children's benefit
2) Free school meal
Shelter
- They help people who are homeless or in danger of losing their home. They also campaign to get the government to give more support to these people as well as having housing to give people shelter when they need.
Age
Children
1) CBeebies - child centred society which means society focuses on children's
Teenager
1) Gang culture
2) Subcultures
Women/men (adult)
1) Looking after society
2) Have many responsibilities
Elderly
1) Burden
2) Vulnerable/weak
Theory
Functionalism - Consensus theory (society is fair)
- Primary socialisation
- warm bath
- Meritocracy - can more up or down (class)
- Have same N+V - can live peacefully.
- If everyone has different N+V , it could cause an anomie
Marxism - Conflict theory (Problems in society due to the inequalities)
- W/C are disadvantaged - social mobility is not possible - cannot move up a class
Theory
Feminism - Conflict theory
- Women are not equal to men - glass ceiling
- 25% experience DV
- 22% MPs
- 5% own companies
Post - modernism - Consensus theory
- Class is not important
- Everyone has an equal chance of achieving
- A person can "pick and mix" their identity
Social issue
Teenage pregnancy
- Blame sex education in schools
- Exposed to sexual clothing & products at a young age
- Advertisements and leaflets to inform and help parents
- Knowledge of contraception
What caused the London riots
- Sociologists - amplification of deviance which leads to moral panic
- Psychologists - Depressed as it is the gov fault
- Biologists - Naturally more aggressive/immorsive
- Journalists - Gang culture
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