Social Development 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyDevelopmental PsychologyUniversityAll boards Created by: Meg FraserCreated on: 09-01-17 15:02 What are the key features of Bowlby's attachment? Innate basis to attachment Critical period of 3 years for maternal contact, changed to sensitive period Once attached, behaviour is typically... Proximity seeking to attachment figure Use of mother as a secure base Separation protest when separated from attachment figure Patterns of relationships transfer to adult life 1 of 13 What is the critique of Bowlby's attachment theory In the 1950's - post war, unemployment and sometimes lack of a father figure Studies done in institutions which lack stimulation and consistent carers Link between separation and later behaviour is not that clear Damage can be reversed if effective attachment formed Monotropy is rare as more than one relationship is formed 2 of 13 How did Ainsworth (1970) measure attachment? Through the strange situation, a lab procedure to measure attachment Child with mother Child with stranger Child alone Child reunited with mother and stranger 3 of 13 What are Ainsworth's attachment types? Type A - insecure, anxious/avoidant Type B - secure Type C - insecure, anxious/resistant to comfort Type D - insecure/disorganised Attachment types predict aspects of later development 4 of 13 What are Maccoby & Martin's (1983) two parental el Parental responsiveness Extent that parents are supportive and aware of child's individual needs Parental demandingness Expectations of integration into family Psychological control 5 of 13 What are Baumrind (1991) parenting styles? Authoritarian style - demanding Permissive/indulgent style - little control but nurturing Authoritative style - guidance and compromise Uninvolved style - non-responsive but demanding 6 of 13 What are some agents of socialisation? Friendships and bullying Gender identity Bronfenbrenner's ecology model Moral development Temperament of the child 7 of 13 What do siblings, peers and teachers do for social Teach standards, rules and values Provide role models Make attributions about the child Create the environment the child lives in 8 of 13 What are the consistent behavioural tendencies and Consistent behavioural tendencies: Stability - consistent relative levels of behaviour Continuity - consistent underlying traits over time Categories of dimensions: Emotional responses - general mood Attentional orientation - how easily distracted Motor activity - intensity and frequency 9 of 13 Name some dimensions of temperament from the 9. Activity levels Regularity Adaptability to change in routine Response to new situations Level of sensory threshold Intensity of response Positive vs negative moods Distractability Persistence and attention span 10 of 13 What are Thomas & Chess' (1977) 3 categories of te Easy - adaptable, positive and normal eating/sleeping Difficult - irritable irregular patterns Slow to warm up - low activity, withdraw from stimulation, slow adaptation and mild reactions 11 of 13 How will the parents' expectations be influenced? Child's appearance Child's temperament Child's behaviour Lerner and Galambos (1985) - Goodness to fit Temperament is transactional Positive child temperament leads to positive parenting 12 of 13 What were the contributing risk factors in the Wal Critical and negative parental attitudes to children Low status background Poor marital relationships High levels of depression in mothers 13 of 13
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