Population Change

Why there was a high birth rate?

• Tradition
• No birth control
• Lots died
• Work the land
• Sign of power
• Need for heirs
• Religious beliefs

Birth rate remained high when death rate fell...

• Improved health care
• Babies lived longer
• Tradition of having lots of kids

Birth rates fall

• Birth control
• Can't affors that many children
• Education
• Desire for luxuries
• Both parents work
• Women want careers
• Physical strain
• Abortion

Why was there high death rate?

• Disease
• Lack of healthcare
• Famine
• Not enough money
• War
• Malnutrition
• Poor living conditions
• Lack of education

Death rate starting to fall

• Better health care
• Hygiene
• Living conditions improved
• Sanitation
• Scientific advances in medicine
• More doctors

Death rate contines to fall

• Better food
• Better transport
• Increased scientific advances
• Better health care
• Better education

Poulation Definitions

Birth rate: The number of live births per thousand per year

Death rate: The number of deaths per thousand per year

Natural Increase: The positive difference between the birth rate and the death rate

Infant Mortality Rate: The number of babies who die before the age of 5

Adult Literacy Rate: The percentage of adults who can read and write

Life Expectancy: How long a person is expected to live for

Migration Definitions

Migration:When a person moves from one country to another

Immigration: When a person moves from one country into another

Emmigration: When a person moves out of a country

Rural to Urban migration: Countryside to the city

Urban to Rural migration: City to counrtyside

International migration: Movement from one country to another

Regional migration: Different areas of the same country

Refugee: When a person is forced to leave their country for fear of persecution for reasaons of religion, politics, civil war or environmental disaster

Asylum Seeker: People who have left their country, have applied to another country as a refugee and are waiting for a decision

Illegal Immigrant: A person who enters a country with minimum belongings, no documentation and they fail to meet the requirements of that country and so may become part of the hidden economy

Economic migrant: Make the decision to leave their country for work but can return if they want

Push Factors: These make you leave a country

• Weather
• Troubles
• Better jobs abroad
• Disease
• Poor salary
• More benefits elsewhere
• Better housing
• Family
• Cheaper elsewhere
• Change
• People

Settlements: Places where people live. They can be just one building - isloated dwelling -  up to large cities, conurbations or megalopolises where many cities have merged together.

Conurbation: A continuous urban area. when a city has grown to include the surrounding towns. E.g Poleglass

Megalopolises: Where two or more cities grow and meet. E.g Boston

A settlement may be permanent or temporary; EG refugee camps are temporary but may become permanent

Site: Land on which the settlement is built

Most of the needs of the people were related to the physical geography of the site: shape of the land and closeness to the water, shelter and defence.

Wet Point Site: Close to water supply

Defence Site: Easy to defend from attacking tribes. EG top of hill or inside a wide river meander

Bridging Point Site: Where it is easy to cross a river. Can be useful for defence and where places were trading routes came together.

Dry Point Site: These are away from the risk of flooding

Aspect: Settlements are often found in a gap between two areas of higher ground

Trading Centres: Often settlements grow where natural route ways and rivers meet, which helps  the development of roads, railways and canals

Fuel Supply: Coal, oil and wood

Food Supply: Crops, animals and farms