Ionisation energy
· Ionisation energy increases across a period due to:
1. Atomic radius – the further the outer shell electrons from the nucleus, the lower the ionisation energy.
2. Nuclear charge – the more protons in the nucleus, the higher the ionisation energy.
3. Electron shielding – the more inner shells there are, the more shielding there is, and the lower the ionisation energy.
· Ionisation energy decreases down a group due to:
1. Elements further down the group have more electron shells, so there is more shielding, so electrons can be removed more easily.
2. Less attraction from the nucleus.
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