PE - Historical studies

• Children treated as soldiers
• large numbers in small spaces
• There wasmuch social deprivation.

 Colonel Malcolm Fox suggested and prduced the 1902 Model Course.

• Influence : Britains porr performance in the Boer War ( S.Africa)
  
  

  Objectives : Fitness (Military purpose), Training in handling of weapons, Discipline for the working class.
   

• Content : Military drill/marching, Static exercises, Weapon training, Deep breathing.
   
• Methodology : Command - repsonse, Group response, In ranks.

The industrial depression of 1930's lef many working class unemployed. The syllabus had one section for U11's and one for Over 11's.

Hadow Report of 1926 identified the need to differentiate between ages for physical training. Dr George Newman stated good nourishment, effective medical inspection and treatment and hygienic surroundings were necessart for good health.
Objectives

• Therapeutic benefits
• Development of mind and body
• Good physique
  Content
• Athletics, gymnastic and games skills.
• Group work
  Methodology
• Five 20 minute lessons a week.
• Special kit or clothing
• Some specialist teachers

• WWII required thinking soldiers and lead to the idea more thinking children.
• Modern educational dance methods were introduced.
• The post war rebuilding programme lead to an expansion of facilities.

• Objectives : Physical, social and cognitive development, Variety of experiences, Personal satisfaction.

• Content : Agility exercises, gymnastics, dance and game skills. Theme or sequence work, movement to music and apparatus work.

• Methodology : Child centred enjoyment orientated, Progressive, More specialised PE teachers, teacher guidance rather than direction, Problem solving/creative/discovery.Full apparatus was in use. E.g cave, ropes,bars,boxes and mats. 

• Industrial action by the teachers impacted state schools.
• It meant, reduced opportunity and provision, extra curricular activites were stopped, participation was reduced in schools, teachers recieved negative press.

• The national curriculum of PE is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16 years of age.  At each Key Stage children need to show knowledge, skill and understanding of the subject.

• Pros of NC : Higher standards, broad and balanced PE experience, easy way to transfer between schools , develops social skills and dominant cultural values such as fair play, It helps the pupils so develop integrity and independence. 

• Cons of NC : tracking record involved large amounts of paperwork for teachers ,may reduce creativity of teachers, increased demand on teachers who may lack support.