Materials in domestic and industrial applications

Pressure : The force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.

Density : A quantity per unit volume.

Work done : When energy is transferred from one store to another.

Stress : The force acting on the unit area of a material.

Strain : An object under stress becomes deformed.

Young’s modulus : Property of the material that tells us how easily it can stretch and deform. {tensile strength : tensile strain}

Elastic limit : Maximum stress or force per unit area within a solid material that can arise before the onset of permanent deformation.

Strength (ultimate tensile stress) : Maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking.

Yield point : Point on an stress-strain curve that shows the limit on elastic deformation and the beginning of plastic deformation.

Plastic deformation : The material can be bent, be compressed in a state that it can’t go back to its original state.

Elastic deformation : When the material goes back to its original form.

Creep : Sometimes called ‘cold flow’, occurs when a material under stress deforms gradually over time. It is more severe in materials that are subjected to heat for along periods => made worse by heat.

Fatigue : The embrittlement and failure of a material due to stress applied and relaxed repeatedly over many cycles.
Stress and relax —> strain.

Ductile : When you apply stress, it will at first follow Hooke’s Law, past a certain point it will withstand any stress.

Brittle : Can withstand a high stress without straining very much.

Malleable : Material can be shaped into many different shapes from compressive forces.