Key Figures in the Break Down of Apartheid.
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- Created by: Megan
- Created on: 26-05-13 16:57
Walter Sisulu.
Organisations and Positions.
- Joined the ANC in 1940.
- Formed the ANC Youth League in 1943 with Oliver Tambo and Mandela.
- Secretary-General and Deputy President of the ANC.
- Also a key figure in the Spear on Africa.
- Key figure in the Defence Campaign in 1952.
- Represented AND abroad rallying support on an international scale.
What did he do that was significant?
- Was imprisoned at Robben Island for more that 25 years!
- Networked brilliantly around the world and in South Africa.
- Son of a white man, which caused controversy.
- Was tried at Rivonia trial in 1963-64 which accused members of the ANC of Sabotage. He was imprisoned for life.
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Robert Sobukwe.
Organisations and Positions.
- Joined the AND Youth League in 1948.
- Became ANC editor in 1957 of their paper 'The Africanist'.
- He left the ANC and formed the PAC in 1959 (When he also became president of the party).
What did he do that was so significant?
- he left the ANC because he didn't want them to work with 'non-Africans'.
- he encouraged blacks to 'liberate themselves' and didn't want to work with whites.
- He deliberately broke the pass laws at Sharpeville and Soweto in order to get arrested.
- He was imprisoned on Robben Island and under the 'Sobukwe clause' the government reserved the right to renew his detainment every year.
- Once released from prison he lived in Kimberly under house arrest and lived under a banning order.
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Steve Biko.
Organisations and Positions.
- Helped found the South African Students Organisation (SASO)
- Founded the 'Black Consciousness Movement' in the min-1986.
- Was a key figure in resistance in Durban.
What did he do that was so significant?
- Helped raise awareness amongst the students - a new generation who were being educated and were rebellious.
- Was openly defiant to the authorities.
- Was kicked out of university.
- Banned by the apartheid system in 1973.
- Was killed whilst in police custody in 1977 after being subjected to 22 hours of 'interrogation' (which involved beatings and torture).
- This caused outrage in South Africa and on an international scale! he became a martyr.
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Trevor Huddleston.
Organisations and Positions.
- He was an Anglican bishop.
- He was given an award of 'Isitwalandwe' which is the highest honour given by the ANC.
- He became known as the 'Dauntless One'.
What did he do that was so significant?
- He was white and so highlighted the injustice from a different perspective.
- Illustration of international support and opposition to apartheid.
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Chief Buthelezi.
Organisations and positions.
- Set up the Inkatha Freedom Party in 1975.
- Initially had the blessing of the ANC but then broke away in 1979.
- Is said to have secretly worked with the Nationalist government to attack the Zulus.
- He became opposed to the ANC.
- Eventually he signed a deal with Mandela and De Klerk that ended apartheid. (CODESA)
What did he do that was significant?
- He was an obstacle for the ANC at first.
- However, he influenced a large tribe and without his support the post-apartheid government could never have been formed.
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Desmond tutu.
Organisations and Positions.
- He became the first black Anglican Dean of Johannesburg in 1975.
- In 1976, he protested in Soweto.
- Won the Nobel peace prize in 1984.
- tutu was elected as Archbishop of Cape Town in 1986.
What did he do that was so significant?
- A high profile individual who gained lots of publicity for the anti-apartheid cause.
- Studied in England and had lots of high profile friends.
- Marched in Soweto in 1976 - dedication to the cause.
- Won international support.
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Lilian Ngoyi.
Organisations and Positions.
- She was the first woman to be appointed to the executive committee of the ANC.
- Ngoyi joined the ANC Women's league in 1952.
- On the 9th August 1956, Ngoyi led a march of 20,000 women to government buildings in Pretoria to protest against apartheid.
- She encouraged the international support from women - such as Switzerland in 1955.
- She was arrested in 1956, spent 71 days in solitary confinement, and was for a period of 11 years placed under sever bans and restrictions the often confined her to her home.
What did she do that was significant?
- Gain international support for the movement.
- Mobilised women to protest.
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Helen Joseph.
Organisations and Positions.
- Helped form the Federation of South African women.
- She also marched on Pretoria with 20,00 other women.
- Was put on trial at the Treason Trial after which she was banned in 1957.
- She narrowly escaped death, more than once,surviving bullets shot through her bedroom and a bomb wired to her front gate.
What did she do that was so significant?
- The treatment of such a peaceful protest highlighted the injustice of the system.
- She demonstrated the power of white support, women and the international community.
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Helen Suzman.
Organisations and Positions.
- She was elected to the House Assembly in 1953 as a memb
- er of the United Party (the party that took over from the Nationalists).
- She was the only member of parliament who was opposed to apartheid consistently for 13 years, from 1961-19974.
- She was once accused be a minister of asking questions in parliament that embarrassed South Africa, to which she replied; "It is not my questions that embarrass South Africa; it is your answers.".
- Suzman was awarded 27 honorary doctorates from universities around the world, was twice nominated for the Nobel peace prize.
What did she do that was so significant?
- She was the enemy from within concerning the apartheid system.
- She logically floored and arguments that supported apartheid.
- She gained lots of international recognition.
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Winnie Mandela.
Organisations and Positions.
- Married Nelson in 1958, and they had two daughters together.
- Helped raised the profile of the ANC while Nelson was at Robben Island.
- Beginning in 1969, she spent 18 months in solitary confinement at Pretoria Central Prison.
- In April 1986, where she endorsed the practice of necklacing (burning people alive using tyres and petrol).
What did she do that was so significant?
- She raised the publicity for the party.
- She put pressure on the nationalists to change.
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