The Austrians were reactionary which meant the favoured the return to previous political conditions (pre-napoleonic).
Pregressive states:
Tuscany- Ferdinand III improved education, universities and spent more money on educating girls. He also expanded health facilities. He, unlike any other, allowed freedom of expression. The jounal, Antologia, was founded in 1821 and one of its writers was Giuseppe Mazzini. In peoples opinions Florence became the political capital of Italy.
Parma- Duchess Marie-Louise got rid of the Code Napoleon but replaced it with a similar one.
Backwards states
Piedmont- Victor Emmanuel dismissed the middle class politicians appointed in the napoleonic era and replaced them with the members of old noble families. Former 18 century laws were reinstated. Control of education handed back to RC.
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