How did Mussolini attempt to transform the Italian character and Italian society: PROPAGANDA?

• 1923: prefects responsible for censorship.
• 1926: opposition papers supressed. Grants given to favourite papers and journalists.
• Crime, disasters, unemployment and disorders forbidden from being reported.
• Facsist party papers unpopular: more concerned with content of papers.
• More people read newpapers.

• 1924: radio rapidly expanded, state controlled content.
• 2hrs of broadcast per day.
• Major speeches broadcast live.
• Radio owners increased.
• Broadcasts increased in 1930s: accessed the illiterate.

• Newsreel shown before film.
• Only few films openly Fascist: few explicitly propaganda films, as people uninterested.
• False sense of security/ national pride.
• All imported films censored.

Art.

• Paintings to show national pride.
• Architecture changed from Renaissance to Ancient Rome.
• Art sold to other countries to increase national prestige.

Literature and Drama.

• National Fascist Culture Institute established 1926: spread culture.
• No great Fascist Literature written: less attention paid.
• People only took part to further their own careers.

Philosophy and intellectual ideas.

• Manifesto outlining what Fascism was and what it did for the people.
• 1929-1938: Encyclopedia Italiana: showed culture etcetera.

Rallies.

• Used to indoctrinate the public.
• Participants felt a sense of belonging.
• Imitated Stalin's ideas.

Sport.

• Disciplined and more socialised.
• Commitment to Fascist regime.
• New stadiums built.
• Improved national teams: wanted them to win to give a sense of national pride.
• Encouraged people to take up a sport.