History- Germany- Economic

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Industry-Kaisserreich-(1850-1890)

1850-1871

  • 1850's industrial revolution
  • Banking system
  • Trade and export expansion
  • New technologies

1873-1890

  • Economic crisis- depression- peak of expansion

1890-1914

  • Second industrial revolution
  • New industries
  • Cartelisation and Conglomerates
  • Caprivi treaties
  • Position in Europe
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Industry-WWI (1914-1919)

  • Lacked key requirements
  • Scientists
  • Government established agencies
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Industry-Weimar (1919-1923)

  • War Debt
  • Trade destroyed
  • Territorial losses
  • Dawes plan
  • Hyperinflation and Rufr invasion by France

1924

  • Renewal
  • Investment
  • New techniques-assembly lines
  • Efficiency

1929

  • Great Depression, TAFIE, Nazi's gain support
  • Unemployment increases
  • Starvation and poverty
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Industry- Post WWII (1945-1990)

  • Erhard (1948-1962) minister of economics
  • Impressive economic growth
  • Korean war
  • Housing, construction, Cars
  • Cooperation unions and codetermination 1951
  • 3.6 million East Germans to work
  • 1960's growth slowed
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Agriculture-Weimar

  • Loss of men and horses
  • Benefitted from Hyperinflation-pay off mortgage
  • No investment in technique and technology for agriculture
  • Taxes 5X than Weimar
  • Subsidies and protectionist policies (Prussian landholders)
  • Supported Nazi's, Osthlife programme failed
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Agriculture-Nazis and post war

  • Mythologised- self sufficiency
  • Investments in industry more important
  • 1m left rural Gemany 1933-1938

Post WWI

  • WG ended up with few farms
  • maintained strong political influence
  • 1955 agrarian act
  • Labour decrease while farm size increase, better techniques
  • Importance declines
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Government policies-Kaisserreich

  • 1873 economy crash. Reliant on imports
  • 1876 Central Association of Geman industrialists pressure on Bismarck
  • National liberals committed to free trade
  • Bismarck successfully campaignes against NL
  • Short term advancements by protectionist policies

Navy 1898-1914

  • Personal desires
  • Widespread enthusiasm, represent nationalist hopes (not ruled by Prussian Elite)
  • Transvaal conflict Boers 1896 relationship with Britain tested
  • Alfred von Tirpitz Navy League press campaign
  • 1914 navy X2, diplomatic isolation
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Government policies-Nazi

  • Purposfully vague on policy
  • Schacht Reichsbank, made investments
  • Mefo Bills
  • Rearmament, disguise programes for commercial
  • Schacht new plan made south east reliant on Germany

Four year plan

  • Goering
  • Schacht resigns, too much rearmament and not enough consumer products
  • Self sufficiency
  • Economic policy by 1939 failing
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Government policies- Wartime

  • Initial victories made economic burden bareable
  • Hitler's confusing and overlapping governing style
  • Todt minister of Armaments and Munitions
  • Speer replaces Todt
  • Efficiency and production by 1944 increases
  • Goebbles more extreme
  • Only temporary policies, unemployment solved by rearmament. Couldn't go on forever
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Government policies- Post war Policies

Marshall Aid

  • USSR wants reparations. USA troops remain
  • Benefits to USA for Marshall plan
  • Economy was already beginning to emerge, impact of aid
  • Political impact
  • Division clear
  • Adenauer chancellor
  • Unification with EG hard if WG formed economic organisation. 1951 ECSC
  • Treaty of Rome establish EEC
  • EEC dependant on WG, increased influence
  • Common Agricultural Policy
  • Expensive, overproduction and waste
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