GCSE Geography Resource management

WHAT IS FOOD INSECURITY AND ITS IMPACTS?

~A severely food inscure family would have adults and the children going hungry. it has a lack of nutrients which means a lack of variety and means they become malnourished

~In most HIC's such as Australia, the USA and the UK, under 5% the population is food insecure. 

~In NEE's like Brazil, 5%-9% the population are hungry

~NEE's like India, Pakistan and Bolivia have 20-34% food insecurity

~LIC's in most of Central Africa like Niger, Chad and Ethiopia have around 35%+ food insecurity 

IMPACTS

~Headaches: 2-3x more likely       ~Anemia: 3x more likely    ~Poor health: 2x more likely

~Upper respiratory infection: 2x more likely      ~Stomach aches: 3x (age 4-5), 2x (age 6-16)

PQ. Explain why there's increasing food insecurity. (6 marks)

~Rapid population increase in LIC's and NEE's

~Food prices increasing

~Urbanisation in the HIC's & NEE's has lead to less agricultural output in those countries

~Unemploment

~Climate change: Too hot and dry for crops

~Varied, unseasonal diet

~More, cheaper meat- grain needed for animals

IRRIAGTION

~Watering crops

~20% the worlds farms are irriagted

~produces 40% the worlds food

~more than 2x yeild than rainfed

~'one of the most subsidised activities in the world'

~driven the increase in global food production____________________________________

~waterlogging and salinisation affect 30% irriagted land so far

~protists gather around standing water

~silt builds up around dams: drainage problems

BLUE REVOLUTION

~Farming of animals and plants in seas and rivers

~'Aquaculture'- long time in China and Asia; freshwater fish grown and cared for in ponds for years

~has globalised recently, but can be expensive

~prevents overfishing

~gives a steady supply of fish that can be encouraged to grow more in certain conditions

__________________________________________________________________________

~chemicals (e.g. antibiotics) can contaminate water

~less health benefits due to hormone injections

~fish can escape and compete with native fish in their new habitats and spread disease to them.

WASTE LESS FOOD

~UK: 7 mill tonnes of food and drink from homes- mainly still edible

~£12.5 bn p.a. and is bad for the environment

~worldwide= 1/3 all produced food (around 1.3 bn tonnes) is lost or wasted.

~ if ^ was available to fod insecure countries, we'd all have enough to eat

_________________________________________________________________________

~takes careful prep and planning

~ hard to plan shops

~composting takes time

~not a lot of people know how to/ will learn/ understand how

HYDROPONICS                                                                                 AEROPONICS

~Replace soil with another                                           ~needs no material

material (sand, pebbles, carpet)                                   ~misted with nutrient water instead

~material holds & moves water                                     ~grow vertically (space saver)

~plants get nutrients through the water

                                         -BOTH MORE EFFICIENT THAN SOIL-

~Requires time, commitment, money and knowledge

~water and electric risk

~disease and pests spread quickly:regular cleaning is needed to prevent contamination

~complex systems

URBAN FARMING

~In NEE's 50% people live in cities

~urban & peri-urban farms =200 million farmers for 700 mill people's food

~urban plot's can produce more food than the same on a farm, and some plots are gov. protcted

~important food that isnt usually in low income diets

______________________________________________________________________________

~lack of cheap space- seen as inefficient property use

~risk: pollution from chemicals

~water waste- expensive, polluting equipment

APPROPRIATE TECH.

~Works from the bottom up- farmers have a better say than 'outside' experts
~locals, struggling to grow, know their own needs better- suggest better solutions

~definition changes per situation; no tractors in areas with expensive fuel etc

~many people agree with it

__________________________________________________________________________

~doesn't always work as planned

~not universal

~follow up issues e.g. battery disposal, not though of

SEASONAL CONSUMPTION

~Eating 'in season'- import less. out of season = imported

~The countries food comes from have less space to grow their food (but less money from no sale)

~ food miles= distance food travels from farm to fork

~seasonal produce has lower food miles

____________________________________________________________________

~High cost, low range (area/region depends on produce)

~extra waste

~inconvenient for many

~not 100% cosistent

BIO-TECH

~G-Mod plants and animals to certain characteristics (tough tomato skins for easy transport)

~selective breeding (e.g cows with high milk and short breeding time)

~ some people think GM is good for food supplies

_______________________________________________________________________

~some worry GM will contaminate non-GM crops or have side effects

~susceptible to disease (banana breeding)

~makes land unsuitable for re-use due to potential cross contamination