Effects Of Exercise

The Cardiovascular System:

• The heart rate increases, so more blood is pumped to working muscles
• Vascular Shunt Mechanisms operates. e.g when an athlete sprints some blood is directed away form internal organs and to working muscles in the legs.
• Cardiac output increases
• Stroke volume increases

The Respiratory System:

• Breathing rate rises
• Tidal Volume increases
• Minute volume increases

The Muscular System:

• Increase in muscle fatigue
• Increase in muscle temperature
• Increased flexability around the joints

The Cardiovascular System:

• Lower resting heart rate - enabling us to do more each day and to carry longer and harder exercise.
• Cardiac output increases - enabling us to be more energetic and healthy
• Stroke volume increases - enabling more oxygen to be used by our working mucles
• Cardiac hypertrophy - making our hearts healthier and reducing risk of heart disease
• Increase in blood capillaries - enables a higher oxygen intake
• Decrease in resting blood pressure - reduces risk of heart disease
• Increase in haemoglobin - increase oxygen available, enabling prolonged periods of exercise.

The Respiratory System:

• Increase in vital capacity/lung volume - enabling a larger uptake of oxgygen needed in respiartaion, which therfore releases more energy
• More rapid rate of recovery after a programme of regular exercise

The Muscular System:

• Muscle hypertrophy - mucles bigger and stronger, so can achieve a greater force of movement
• Aerobic adaptions enlarge slow-twitch fibres, whcih gives greater potential for energy production. Achieved through activities such as running and swimming.
• Anerobic adaptions.enlarge fast-twitch fibres, which strengthens mucsles making them more efficient. Achieved through activities such as sprinting or weight lifting.
• Increase tolerance to lactic acid.due to higher VO2 max, meaning the onset of ftigue is delayed.
• Improves the muscle cells capability of using oxygen more efficiently, so more energy is available and more work can be done. 

Expalin, using practical examples, how a healthy, active lifestyle can maintain and develop the health of muscles.

• Increase the elasticity of muscles. e.g. stretching during warm ups.
• Muscles use hypertrophy to build more fibres. e.g. exercise classes.
• Reduces risk of injury e.g. regualr exercise maintain muscles.
• Increases speed e.g. can run more efficiently
• More endurance e.g. can keep going.