Definitions- transition task part 10

Discourse structure- the method that explains how texts are put together 

List/instructions- logical progression through stages, use of imperatives to instruct, guide e.g. recipes, intructions, guides 

Problem- solution- identifies a problem e.g. product, advertisement

Analysis- breaks down key ideas into constituent parts, evaluates and explores e.g. academic articles, newspaper editorials

Narrative- details a series of events, can be chronological or non- chronological e.e. novels, witness accounts 

Didactic- to the point tone of voice, often used when giving advice or intruction

Transactional speech- there is a purpose to the conversation e.g. giving an order at a restaurant

Interactional speech- just people talking ; small talk/ everyday language use

Discourse analysis- how texts present information in order to create identities for particular individuals or institutions, and ideologies that are often inherent in these 

Narrating- when a speaker talks for an extended period 

Adjacency pair- two utterances by different speakers which have a natural and logical link, and complete an idea together e.g. A: "Hello, how are you?" B: "Fine thank you"

Turn-taking- the sharing or speaking roles, usually cooperatively

Initiation response feedback- triadic structure in speech that allows the first speaker to feedback on the response of a second speaker

Taciturn- when a speaker is quieter in a conversation/ doesn't contribute as much

Juxtaposition- placing two or more things together, especially in order to suggest a link between them or emphasize the contrast between them e.g. "this goodly summer with your winter mix'd"

Rapport- a friendly relationship between people; 'building rapport'

Anecdote- a short, personal reference to a story/ memory

First person- discourse that uses 'I' or 'we' etc

Second person- discourse that uses 'you' etc

Third person- discourse that uses 'she' or 'we' etc

Back- channelling- a feature of speaker support; non-verbal utterances to show attention or agreements e.g. mmm, yeah, ok 

Discourse marker- signal a shift in conversation and topic areas- ok, right then, so, but

Fillers- non verbal sounds which act as pauses in speech. May signal speaker uncertainty e.g. er, um

Hedging- a strategy used to avoid directness or to minamise a potentially face- threatening act. Commonly feautures epistemic modality e.g. kind of, sort of, maybe, perhaps, possibly, modal verbs such as: will, could, might

False starts/repairs- when a speaker begins to speak, pauses then recommences. A repair return to correct a previous utterance e.g. it began er Arsenal kicked off the second half (false stat it began) he sorry she broke the vase (repair she from he)

Skip connectors- a return to a previous topic of conversation e.g. anyway coming back to our original discussion

Vague expression- similar to hedging, deliberately non-committal expression in informal contexts e.g. anything, something, thing 

Ellipsis- omissions of words fot economical purposes or to avoid awkward repetition e.g. just seen Jack (ellipses I've) Tonight, 8pm (ellipsis i'll meet you... at...)

Tag questions- consist of an auxiliary verb, a negative particle and a pronoun e.g. you did really well didn't you? it was tomorrow wasn't it?

Deixis- pointing words in a perceptual, temporal or spatial dimension e.g. I, you, me, they, now, yesterday, today, here, there, this, that, these, those 

Non- fluency feautures- non- verbal occurences e.g. pauses, hesitations and repetitions which occur in spontaneous speech