Contraception and S.T.D's

• 98% effective (if used according to instructions)
• made of very thin latex or polyurethane.
• it is put over erect penis and stops sperm entering vagina

ADVANTAGES -

• sold widely, widely avaliable
• can protect both persons from sexually transmitted infections
• no medical side effects

DISADVANTAGES-

• putting on can interrupt sex
• can slip off or split
• man needs to withdraw as soon as ***********

• 95% effective
• soft, thin polyurethane sheath loosely lines vagina and covers area just outside and stops sperm from entering

ADVANTAGES

• can be put on any time before sex
• can protect both persons from sexually transmitted infections
• no medical side effects

DISADVANTAGES

• putting on can interrupt sex
• need to make sure penis enters the condom and not between the vagina and the condom
• may get pushed into vagina
• not as widely avaliable as male condom

• 92-96% effective
• a flexible latex or silicone device
• it is used with spermicide
• it is placed into vagina to cover cervix
• stops sperm from entering and meeting an egg

ADVANTAGES

• can be put on any time before sex
• only have to use it when having sex
• no serious health risks

DISADVANTAGES

• extra spermicide is needed if having sex again
• can take time to learn how to use properly
• needs to be correct size and needs replaced if you lose/gain more the 3kg, have a baby, miscarriage or aborition

• over 99% effective
• contains two hormones- oestrogen and progestogen
• stops ovulation, thickens cervical mucus and thins lining of uterus

ADVANTAGES

• often reduces bleeding, period pain and premenstrual symptons
• protects against cancer of the ovary, uterus and colon and protects against some pelvic infections
• when use is stopped fertility returns to normal

DISADVANTAGES

• not suitable for very overweight or smokers older than 35
• very low risk of serious side effects of blood clots, breast cancer and cervical cancer
• temporary side effects such as head aches, nausea, mood changes
• some medicines, missing pills, vomitting can make it less effective

• 99% effective
• small plastic device put into uterus
• stops sperm reaching egg and may also stop implantation of fertilised egg

ADVANTAGES

• works as soon as its put in
• can stay in 5-10 years depending on type but can be removed at any time
• when its removed fertility returns to normal
• not affected by other medicines

DISADVANTAGES

• periods may be longer, heavier and/or more painful
• very small chance of infection during first 20 days after insertion
• very small increased risk of ectopic pregnancy if coil fails.

• over 99% effective
• small flexible rod placed under skin of upper arm
• releases hormone- progestogen
• stops ovulation, thickens cervical mucus and thins lining of uterus

ADVANTAGES

• works for 3 years but can be taken out earlier
• when removed fertility returns to normal

DISADVANTAGES

• periods may stop, be irregular or longer
• acne may occur
• requires small procedure to fit and remove
• tenderness, swelling and some bruising may occur
• some medicines may prevent it from working

Reasons to have a check up:

• will help prevent spread of STI's
• not everyone develops symptons
• if not treated early, can cause pernament damage to health

Women

• discharge from vagina or anus
• pain/stinging when passing urine
• itchiness, soreness or redness around ***** or anus
• swelling of *****
• blisters, ulcers or warts around genital area or mouth
• sore throat (after oral sex)
• bleeding after sex
• abdominal pain

Men:

• discharge or pus from tip of penis or anus
• pain or burning feeling when passing urine
• itchiness, soreness or redness around the penis or under foreskin
• blisters, ulcers or warts around genital area or mouth
• sore throat (after oral sex)

Treatment:

• most easy to treat
• treatment is different for each infection
• can include lotions, tablets or injections
• important to complete course

Prevention:

• use condom every time having sex
• limit number of sexual partners
• have regular check ups

Chlamydia:

• one of most common STI's
• symptons include, discharge or stinging when passing urine
• often no symptons
• if left untreated can lead to infertility

Gonorrhoea

• may cause discharge from vagina, penis or rectum, pain when passing urine or sore throat
• may be no signs- espically when infection is in throat or rectum

Genital Herpes:

• caused by a virus
• two typesof virus- one causes sores around mouth and nose, the other causes sore around genital area.
• both passed by oral, vaginal or anal sex
• very small risk of passing virus when no sores are present

HIV:

• Human Immunodeficiency Virus is found in blood, semen and vaginal fluids
• passed on through unprotected penetrative sex, sharing of needles, from mother to baby before or during birth or by breastfeeding
• all pregnant women in NI are routinely tested antenatally for HIV
• discharge or broken skin around genital areamake it easier for virus to pass

Syphilis:

• spread during sex (including oral sex)
• half of thgose infected show no symptons
• painless but infective sores may appear
• can be easily diagnosed and treated with anitbiotics
• if left untreated can cause serious health problems