Causes:
- the NEP had introduced 'bourgoeis' aspects such as private trade which compromised socialist ideologies (state control of grain production would mean the government was not dependent on the peasantry)
- Rapid Industrialisation (wanted self-sufficiency to end dependence on foreign imports and catch up with western society as the NEP had only just caught up with pre-1914 industry)
Results:
- appeased party members of communist ideas (by 1937, 93% of peasant households had been collectivised)
- Unfortunately by the end of 1928, there were only 196,000 lorries in the USSR compared to over a million in the US
- 50% of collective farms were disabled in 1930 as too much grain had been collected (Stalin blamed over-zealous officials being 'dizzy with success')
- agriculture was primitive (5 million wooden ploughs were still in use)
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