activation enthalpy: minimum kinetic energy required by a pair of colliding particles before reaction occurs.
homolytic fission: when bond breaks and one of the two shared electrons goes to each atom.
heterolytic fission: when the bond breaks and both of the shared electrons goes to just one of the atoms.
radical: atom with a very reactive unpaired electron.
hydrolysis: breaking down of substance with water.
substitution: where functional group is replaced by another group.
nucleophile: species which can donate a pair of electrons to a positively charged to carbon atom, to form a covalent bond.
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