A compound consisting of hyrdrogen and carbon only
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Homologous Series
A series or organic compounds that have the same functional group but each successive member differing by CH2
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Functional Group
A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound
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Saturated
Contains single bonds only
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Unsaturated
Consists of at least one multiple carbon to carbon bond
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Empirical Formula
The simplest whole number ratio of an atoms of each element present in a compound
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Molecular Formula
The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule
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Structural Isomer
A compound with the same molecular formula but a different structural formulae
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Stereoisomers
Compounds with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space
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E/Z Isomerism
An example of stereoisomerism, in terms of restricted rotation about a double bond and the requirement for two different groups to attach to each carbon of the C=C group
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Cis-Trans Isomerism
A special case of E/Z isomerism in which two of the constituent groups are the same
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Fractional Distillation
The seperation of a liquid mixture into fractions with different boiling points
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Catalytic Cracking
The breaking down of longer chained saturated hyrdocarbons into more useful alkanes (shorter chained) and alkenes
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Biofuel
A fuel which is derived from recently living material such as plants and animal waste
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Curly Arrow
The movement of an electron pair, showing either the breaking or formation of a covalent bond
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Radical
A species with an unpaired electron
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Homolytic Fission
The breaking of a covalent bond where the shared pair of electrons are split equally forming two radicals
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Heterolytic Fission
The breaking of a covalent bond where the shared pair of electrons split unequally to form a cation and an anion
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