Chemical Storylines- A2 Unit F334 Chemistry of Materials

A summary of the chemical storylines topics from A2 Unit F334 Chemistry of Materials

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  • Created by: R_Hall
  • Created on: 03-05-14 16:48

CS What's in a Medicine?

  • More effective medicines can be obtained by modifying the structure of existing medicines
  • Combinatorial chemistry is used to make a large number of related compounds together, so that their potential effectiveness as medicines can be assessed by large-scale screening
  • Testing a medicine involved 3 stages of clinical trial
  • 1. Is it safe?
  • 2. Is it effective?
  • 3. Is it better than the standard treatment?
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CS The Thread of Life

  • DNA is a condensation polymer formed from nucleotides, which are made up of a phosphate, a sugar and a base
  • Phosphate units join by condensation with deoxyribose in the sugar-phosphate backbone
  • The four bases of DNA (adenine, thymine, guanine and cytosine) join by condensation with the deoxyribose in the phosphate sugar backbone
  • Two strands of DNA form a double-helix structure through base pairing
  • DNA analysis can be used for genetic fingerprinting
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CS The Steel Story

  • Stages of making steel
  • 1. Removing sulphur- magnesium is added to reduce the sulphur to magnesium sulphide, which rises to the surface of the molten iron and is raked off
  • 2.Removal of carbon, phosphorous and other elements- removed by direct oxidation with oxygen
  • 3. Removal of oxides of phosphorous and silicon. The oxides are acidic, so must be removed. A mixture of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide is added to react with the acidic oxides.
  • Corrosion of steel is prevented by barrier protection with an oil, grease, paint of polymer, or sacrificial protection by galvanising and use of zinc blocks. The zinc corrodes in preference to the iron, so will protect the steel.
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