C1A 1 ROCKS AND BUILDING

ATOMS, ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS

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ATOMS, ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS

· All substances are made up of atoms.

· An atom is the smallest part of an element · An element is a substance made up of only one type of atom. · There are about 100 different types of atoms. · All the different types of atoms are shown in the periodic table. · Elements have very different properties. · There are groups and periods. Groups are the verticals columns and the periods are the horizontal rows. · There are eight groups. (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) the groups contain elements with similar properties. · Not all substances around us are pure elements. Some are compounds. A compound is a substance made of two or more types of atoms chemically joined together. - An atom consists of a nucleus which has protons and neutrons in them and it also has electrons whizzing around it.

· Law of conversation of mass-matter can be neither created nor destroyed but can be rearranged.

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DECOMPOSING CARBONATES

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DECOMPOSING CARBONATES

Thermal decomposition: Metal carbonate à metal oxide + carbon dioxide

Not all carbonates decompose when heated.

There is the same number of atoms on both sides of an equation to balance it out.

Law of conversation of mass-matter can be neither created nor destroyed but can be rearranged.

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Limestone and its uses, Quicklime and slaked lime,Cement, Concrete and glass 1

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Limestone and its uses, Quicklime and slaked lime,

- Glass is made out of powdered limestone which is mixed with a mixture of sand and sodium carbonate (soda) and heated at a very high temperate. Glass is used for windows because you can see through it bottles because it is recyclable and re-usable and art because it looks nice.

- Cement is made out of powdered clay and powdered limestone. It is used to make concrete and mortar.

- Concrete is made out of cement powder with water, sand and crushed rock. It is used to make pavements, bricks, motorways, roads and fence poles.

- Lime mortar is a type of mortar which was used in the ancient times to build buildings.

-Portland cement is the common type of cement used generally all around the world. It is made out of cement, mortar and stucco. Stucco is a material made out of aggregate and water. It is applied wet and hardens when it dries up. It is used to make concrete.

-Reinforced cement is stronger than normal cement. It is normal cement that has been poured onto steel bars and rods. It is used for slabs, walls, beams, columns and fences.

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Limestone and its uses, Quicklime and slaked lime,Cement, Concrete and glass 2

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Limestone and its uses, Quicklime and slaked lime,

- Limestone is a rock made mainly of calcium carbonate.

- Some forms of limestone were made from the remains of tiny animals and plants that lived in the sea millions of years ago.

- We get limestone from quarries.

- Limestone is used to make: Glass, Cement, Concrete, Mortar

- Limestone is mainly calcium carbonate. When it is heated it breaks down to form calcium oxide (quicklime) and a gas called carbon dioxide. If you add a few drops of water to calcium oxide, you form calcium hydroxide (slaked lime). If you pour lots of water on calcium hydroxide you make limewater.

- Calcium carbonate à calcium oxide + carbon dioxide

- Calcium oxide + water à calcium hydroxide

- Calcium hydroxide + carbon dioxide à calcium carbonate + water

- Slaked lime + carbon dioxide à calcium + water

- Quicklime is produced in a lime kiln.

- Calcium oxide is used in mortar and plaster to increase the hardness of it.

- Calcium hydroxide is an ingredient in plaster, whitewash and mortar.

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C1A 1 ROCKS AND BUILDING

ATOMS, ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS

DECOMPOSING CARBONATES

DECOMPOSING CARBONATES

Limestone and its uses, Quicklime and slaked lime,

Limestone and its uses, Quicklime and slaked lime,

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