Biology
- Created by: Ediva1802
- Created on: 13-01-22 16:54
Health and Disease
Health: the absence of disease or injury
Disease: having specific symptoms that affect a specific tissue, organ or system of the body
Communicable: can be transmitted from person to person
STI'S (pubic lice, herps, gonorrhea), Covid 19, Influenzia, Mumps
Non-communicable: cannot be transmitted from person to person, can be related to lifestyle choices or carried genes.
Liver disease, sickle-cell disease, cancer, Asthma
Types of Diseases
Bacteria: Tuberculosis, Salmonella, Pneumia
Protists: Malaria
Virus: Cold, Influenza, COVID 19, Ebola
Fungi: Athlete's foot, Ring worm
Symptoms: Feelings or changes experienced during illness (e.g., Sore throat or runny nose). Symptoms may appear only after a pathogen has divided enough times to produce a large amount in the body.
Incubation Period: The delay between infection with a pathogen and the appeance of symptoms of disease. It can be anything from a few hours to several years, depending on the pathogen
Plant Diseases
Ash Dieback Fungi
Brown dead hanging leaves, Speakling on the leaves and cracks on the main branch.Spores being blown around by the wind and being passed to plants around.Ash trees
Crown Gall Disease
Tumours on stems, found in the soil.Caused by bacteria, Contaminated soil, water and farming tools.Grape vines, stone fruits, nut trees, sugar beets.
Tobacco
Leaves to discolouration, growth of the plant is reduced. Direct contact and contaminated seeds. Tomato plants, bell peppers, cucumbers, some flowers.
Physical and Chemical barriers
- Skin
- Mucus- reproductive, respiratory and digestive system
- Cilia- wafts mucus back up to be swallowed into the stomach
- Nose hair
- Sweat
BMI
Body mass index is a measure of a person's body mass compared to their height in metres.
BMI: Weight (Kg)
Height (m)2
<19 Underweight
19-24 Healthy bodymass
25-29 Overweight
30+ Obese
Type 2 Diabetes
Risk Factors
- Obesity
- Overwieight
- Poor diet - high fat and high sugar diet
- Inactive lifestyle- lacks exercise
- high blood sugar levels
Lung Cancer
Risk Factors
- Smoking
- Air pollution from motor vehicles
- Breathing in asbestos fibres
Aerobic respiration
C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 ---> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy is released
Glucose + Oxygen ----> Carbon dioxide + water
Anaerobic Respiration
Glucose ----> Lacid Acid
No oxygen is used
Gas Exchange
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Yeast Cell
Mitosis
Meiosis
Meiosis
Plant Hormones
Blood
Red Blood Cells
Don't have a nucleus. Shaped like a biconave disk (large surface area). Oxygen in red blood cells.
White Blood Cells
Do have a nucleus, antitocins: neutralise any toxins, antibodies: bind into pathogens and help destroy them, phagocytosis: engulf pathogens
Platelets
No nucleus, Float around in the blood, cotting, could cause infection, small fragments of cells
Plasma
Carries everything- waste product
glucose, amino acids CO2
makes the blood watery so it can flow
Nervous System and Neurons
Effectors: Muscle or gland that carries out the response to a stimulus
Receptors: A specialised cell that dectects changes in an organism's environment. Also a specialised molecule on the surface of a cell that recognises and binds to a specific subsance.
Neuron: A specailised cell in the nervous system that transmits nerve impulses
Flow chart of Nervous system
Stimulus ---> Receptor ----> Sensory neuron ----> Processing/ coordinating centre (Brain or spinal cord) ---> motor neuron ----> Effector ---> Response
Light comes on, it is brighter ---> Eye ----> Sensory neuron ----> Brain ----> Motor neuron -----> Iris Muscles -----> Pupil contracts
Reflexes and Synapses
The Menstrual Cycle
Contraception
Simple sugars
Complex Carbohydrates
Insulin
- Secreted by the pancreas
- Triggered by high levels of glucose
- Causes the liver and muscles to store glucose
Glucose
- Secreted by the pancreas
- Triggered by low levels of glucose
- Causes the liver and muscles to release glucose
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