AS BIOLOGY REVISION

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Which elements are found in carbohydrates and what is their general formula?

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Carbohydrates are made up of carbon,hydrogen and oxygen.

Their general formula is Cx(H20)y.

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Monosaccharides and disaccharides are sweet, soluble in water and generally function as energy supplies. Monosaccharides also perform structural roles e.g ribose and deoxyribose are pentose sugars with a structural role in nucleic acids.

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Globular proteins have a roughly spherical shape and have a physiological function e.g enzymes

Fibrous proteins are usually long,coiled strands of flat sheets and have a structural function e.g collagen.

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Polysaccharides are carbohydrates which consist of large numbers of monosaccharides joined together by glycosidic bonds.

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The following are all proteins:

Haemoglobin transports oxygen in red blood cells.

Antibodies protect the body from infection.

Enzymes catalyse metabolic reactions.

Hormones are responsible for chemical co-ordination in living organisms.

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