Flame tests: Identifying metals in group 1 and 2 can be done with flame tests. Put a small amount onto a PLATINUM wire loop and dip in hydrochloric aced. Lithium - Bright Red. Sodium - Golden yellow. Pottasium - Lilac. Calcuim - Brick Red and Barium - Green.
Soduim hydroxide solution: Aluminium, calcuim and magnesium ions all form WHITE PRECIPITATES with sodium hydroxide. If we add more sodium hydroxide then the aluminium ions dissolve. Calcium and magnesium ions can be distinguised by the flame test anyway.
Colured precipitates: When added to sodium hydroxide metal ions may become coloured. Copper ions - blue precipitate. If a substance contains Iron - dirty green. Solution is added to iron ions - Redish brown precipitate is formed.
Ammonium ions - Produce Ammonia when sodium hydroxide solution is added and the solution is warmed gently.
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