ADDICTION: PHYSICAL+PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDANCE, TOLERANCE, WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME

• Psychologcal and physical symptoms when without substance
• Includes; low mood, nauseous, achy pain and tremors 
• Seriousness of withdrawals depends on;

SUBSTANCE USED - What type of substance taken?

AMOUNT OF SUBSTANCE CONSUMED - How much they take at once?

DRUG USE PATTERN - How often do they consume substance?

• Disorder 
• Consume substance/ do behaviour 
• EG: nicotine/ gambling 
• Pleasurable 
• Becomes compulsive
• Negative consequences
• Leads to dependance, tolerance and withdrawal syndrome

• Experience withdrawal syndrome
• When without a substance/ behaviour
• Withdrawal syndrome occur when without substance behaviour 

• Cannot cope wiht social life and work without substance/ behaviour EG nicotine/  gambling
• Absence makes them feel anxious and irritable
• Leads to cravings

• Response to a substance reduced due to repeat exposure 
• May need more to feel the same physical and psychological effects

CELLULAR TOLERANCE

• Neurons in brain adapt responsiveness to high levels of substance

BEHAVIOURAL TOLERANCE

• Learn through experience
• Adjust behaviour to compensate for effects of substance 
• EG: walking slower when drunk to avoid falling over

METABOLIC TOLERANCE

• Substance metabolised fast 
• Leaves body fast 
• More substance needed to feel same effects