conducted a systematic review of comparisons between conditions asked to regulate using one strategy versus another. For example, comparing the effects of playing scrabble (distraction) versus thinking about what feelings mean (rumination) on mood (Donaldson & Lam, 2004). Webb et al (2012) measured the outcomes of these strategies. They looked at experiential, behavioural and physiological outcomes. Experiential is how people feel. Behavioural is how people appear, their observable actions. Physiological includes factors such as heart rate and galvanic skin response. The findings revealed that whereas distraction was an effective way to regulate emotions, concentration was not. Similarly, suppressing the expression of emotion proved effective, but suppressing the experience of emotion or suppressing thoughts of the emotion-eliciting event did not. Finally, reappraising the emotional response proved less effective than reappraising the emotional stimulus or using perspective taking.
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