Reasons for Charles I execution

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  • Why was Charles I beheaded?
    • His refusal to negotiate.
      • His escape from Hampton court in 1647.
        • This further showed his refusal to co-operate with Parliament.
      • He continuously put of responding to the Newcastle propositions.
        • Evidence for this can be seen in the letters wrote to his wife Henrietta Maria saying he would never accept them.
        • Some of the main points in the Newcastle propositions include.
          • Parliament had control of the Militia for 20 years before it was reverted back to the king.
          • The king's privy council members were to be chosen by Parliament.
          • The English church was to revert to Presbyterian for x number of years.
          • Some royalists were to be exempted from pardon and punished for acts they performed during the civil war.
      • Oliver Cromwell and Henry Ireton were getting annoyed with Charles' delays and indesicions
    • Treason.
      • Definition: To act against the monarchy, state or the people.
      • Charles secretly signed the "engagement" with the Scots.
        • This meant Charles had to accept Presbyterianism as the state religion for 3 years in return for the Scots invading England.
        • This caused the second civil war.
          • Charles wasn't completely blamed for the first civil war as Parliament had made some mistakes. However the second civil war was completely seen as Charles' fault.
    • Radical groups such as the Levellers.
      • The Levellers made up a large part of the New Model Army. They pushed Parliament towards abolishing the monarchy.
  • His escape from Hampton court in 1647.
    • This further showed his refusal to co-operate with Parliament.
  • This caused the second civil war.
    • Charles wasn't completely blamed for the first civil war as Parliament had made some mistakes. However the second civil war was completely seen as Charles' fault.

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