Why was the First Crusade successful?

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  • Why was the First Crusade successful?
    • Muslim Disunity
      • 1098 - Siege Antioch Ridwan of Aleppo  Duqaq of Damsacus Kerbogha of Mosul.
        • Failed bc attacked alone - did not unify
      • Fatamids left J to Egypt before Crusaders arrived
        • Hoped Crusaders in J would be a buffer between the Turks
      • Riley-Smith "Turkish rulers were more hostile towards each other than the Christians"
    • Leadership
      • Princes
        • Godfrey of Bouillon (Crusader King)
          • Found weak spot in walls of J and moved siege tower to it
        • Bohemond of Taranto
          • 1097 Dorylaeum kept such tight control Muslim forces couldn't break ranks
            • Almost defeated but Godfrey arrived just in time
              • Godfrey of Bouillon (Crusader King)
                • Found weak spot in walls of J and moved siege tower to it
      • Pope Urban II
        • Proclaimed Crusade
        • Set goal of J "J is the navel of the World" - Robert the Monk's version of Urban's speech
        • Then he lost control and had no further input on the Crusade.
    • Religious Motivation
      • Reaction to Urban's speech proved religious motivations were dominant
      • Peter Bartholomew and the Holy Lance - renewed morale
      • Captured Antioch bc its importance to Christianity - was the first church in Christendom (Acts)
    • Tactics and Strategy
      • Christians charge, heavily armed with knights and couched lances.
      • Muslims used fire in motion. Archers on horseback moving quickly
      • Strategy was siege warfare to take cities - Muslims bad at holding cities
        • Played to Muslim's weaknesses
        • Took cities to provide a base and resources to reach J

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