volksgemeinschaft nazi policy
- Created by: valentina__calcagni
- Created on: 23-03-21 09:19
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- Volksgemeinschaft
- The Church
- 1920 -25 point programme spoke of Positive Christianity
- Nazis were anti-Christian - Jesus a Jew
- German Faith Movement 1934 - replace Christian values
- only 5% of population registered members by 1939
- became state religion and all positions of authority (e.g civil servants expected to join)
- July 1933 Concordat - Church freedom and rights respected, Church not to interfere with politics
- also done to undermine Centre Party
- Acts of Resistance
- Martin Niemoller - Protestant
- 1934 co-founder of confessional church (movement against Nazis)
- 1937 - ended up in Dachau
- 1941 Bishop Galen speaks against Euthanasia programme - prog. wound up
- March 1927 - Pope Pius XI letter 'With Deep Anxiety'
- due to growing harassment and censorship of Catholic clergy + press
- Martin Niemoller - Protestant
- Nazi aims
- wanted Church to be in Gleichschaltung - Concordat - disregarded
- ** saw Catholics as key enemy - Catholic Youth League abused + disbanded
- 1937 - Hitler speech to ** who attacked those who gave loyalty to others than the party
- Ministry of Church Affairs (1935) Hans Kerrl - campaign remove crucifixes, arrest more priests, confiscate church funds etc
- Key - after Pope Pius letter - Religious Affairs removed from MoCA - power given to ** - unstable relationship
- Women
- Impact of Nazi policies on women
- Return to traditional values - Kinder, Kuche, Kirch
- The ides of raising 'perfect little Aryans' easily attracted women as Nazi propaganda glorified their status as wives/mums
- Marriages increased by 130k/annum (33-39)
- Births increased by over 0.5mil per annum (33-39)
- Banned from senior position/employment
- 1/6 had left employment by 1937
- German Women's Enterprise (forced cooperation + membership - 6mil members
- promoted Nazi ideologies/beliefs
- Return to traditional values - Kinder, Kuche, Kirch
- propaganda - denouncement e.g makeup
- Enforcement/ Incentives
- After 1933 employment ban - interest free loans in return for not seeking employment
- women won tax concessions and medals to celebrate their fertility - (gold-8, silver-6, bronze-4)
- Abortion banned - breed of Aryan race through Lebensborn (Spring of Life) 1935
- Limitations
- Full employment = women returned to workplace - inc. to 14.6mil 1939
- 1939 Compulsory Agricultural Labour Service for unmarried >25
- During war - by 1945 1 in 6 women restored to prostitution
- war had produced a sex imbalance 1:3 - by 1945, regime had destroyed the 'cult of the German man' and paved the way for total liberation of women in society - opp to aim
- Full employment = women returned to workplace - inc. to 14.6mil 1939
- Impact of Nazi policies on women
- The Church
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