v4 -> nixon and ford
- Created by: mali20
- Created on: 06-04-24 19:30
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- V4: Nixon and Ford's policies
- FAILURE OF PEACE TALKS
- 1968
- both sides: NO SIGN OF VICTORY/LOTS OF CASUALTIES/VERY EXPENSIVE
- FOR NV: could lose USSR/China aid & BOMBING
- for US: REDUCED FUNDING from congress + ANTIWAR at home
- WIDENING THE WAR IN CAMBODIA AND LAOS
- invaded VC bases in Cambodia
- ENRAGED US POPULATION
- 'SECRET BOMBING'
- did not want to look WEAK (but still pull out)
- 'I want the NV to believe I've reached a point where I might do anything to stop the war'
- CAMBODIA: 1970
- LAOS: 1971
- THE MADMAN THEORY
- ROLE OF KISSINGER AND LE DUC THO IN PARIS PEACE TALKS
- 1969-73
- couldn't look like 'handed Vietnam to communists'
- LE DUC THO = CHIEF VIETNAMESE PEACE NEGOTIATOR
- 1969-73
- VIETNAMISATION
- investment into the ARVN -> build them up
- not reliant on help from the US
- 1969-71: 400,000 US TROOPS LEAVE
- 549,000 IN 1969 -> 69,000 LEFT IN 1972
- RENEWED NORTH VIETNAMESE OFFENSIVE
- 1972: UNABLE TO CONQUER SOUTH VIETNAM
- EFFECTS OF FORD'S DIPLOMATIC RESPONSE
- 1974: NIXON WATERGATE -> RESIGNS
- FORD - CANNOT GET FUNDING FROM CONGRESS
- to support South Vietnam like Nixon promised
- 1974-77: 'THE RETREAT'
- 40,000 US AND SV citizens evacuated by plane
- 1974-77: 'THE RETREAT'
- 1975: ordered evacuation of US personnel & others who wish to escape
- 'clemency' offered to draft dodgers
- V evacuees allowed into US under INDOCHINA MIGRATION and REFUGEE ASSISTANCE ACT
- $455 million towards settlement
- $455 million towards settlement
- 130,000 V REFUGEES TO US IN 1975
- Ford ends trade (embargo) to all of Vietnam
- blocks V access to UN
- FINAL OFFENSIVE (MARCH - APRIL 1975)
- NV launch offensives in central highlands + Quang Tri province
- SV counterattacks failed -> many deserted to protect families
- 29th SV division make heroic last stand at XUAN LOC
- TO TEST THE SV - sensing SV willingness to resist was CRUMBLING
- THE FALL OF SAIGON
- to communist forces -> april 1975
- w/out us air power/military = no hope for SV
- APRIL 21: Thieu resigns + denounces US
- April 27th -> 100,000 NV troops encircle Saigon
- OPERATION FREQUENT WIND evacuated 7,000 (incl. SV)
- last SV president > Van Minh orders soldiers to lay down arms
- APRIL 30TH 1975: SAIGON FALLS -> TANKS BURSTS THROUGH GATES OF PRESIDENTIAL PALACE
- FOLLOWING TET OFFENSIVE -> JOHNSON DOES NOT APPLY FOR RELECTION
- Nixon is elected NOV 1968
- 'PEACE WITH HONOUR'
- Nixon Doctrine 1969: each nation responsible for OWN FREEDOM
- election day 1972 -> needed the support of the people
- VERY EXPENSIVE -> $176 BILLION TOTAL
- PEACE AGREEMENT paris 1973
- Tho, Nixon and SV Pres. Thieu
- ceasefire, release of war prisoners in 60 days, withdrawal of US troops, SELF DETERMINATION FOR SOUTH VIETNAM
- RELATIONS WITH CHINA AND USSR
- 'panda diplomacy' NIXON TO CHINA IN FEB 1972
- USSR AND CHINA FALL OUT 1969
- BOTH IMPROVE RELATIONS W/ USA
- USSR AND CHINA FALL OUT 1969
- 1970: SALT talks w/ USSR = asks moscow to encourage NV to end war
- asks China to PRESSURE NV TO END WAR
- 'panda diplomacy' NIXON TO CHINA IN FEB 1972
- FAILURE OF PEACE TALKS
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