us policy and intervention p1

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  • US policy and intervention 1954-64 =
    • Geneva conference 1954 =
      • a meeting between 9 countries which focused on resolving the war between France and vietnam
      • countries - cambodia, laos, china, france, Britain, USSR, USA, N.V and S.V
      • What was agreed =
        • vietnam was split into 2 half along the 17th parallel
        • there would be a demilitarised zone in the middle
        • south would be run by Bao Dai (opposed communism)
        • north would be run by Ho Chi Minh
        • france had to withdraw from Vietnam
        • elections were to be held, but nothing was agreed
        • no foreign forces would be allowed to set up military bases in V
        • there were 300 days of free movement between the two sides
      • US response = eisenhower was worried about the spread of communism and was comitted to containing it
        • USA refused to sign, but in jan '55 they sent military aid to Saigon and offered to train the army
    • The Domino theory -
      • Eisenhower said that if sone country fell into communism, the surrounding countries would too
      • consequence = Eisenhower set up SEATO with 7 other countries in '54
    • Life in N.V under Ho Chi Minh =
      • they aimed to create a more equal society
      • most of their food came from the south
      • by '61 85% of farms were co-operatives
      • land reforms were set up
      • rice production had diubled to 5.4 m tonnes
      • 500,000 died during land reforms and communist re-education
      • living in cities was dangerous once US had joined war
      • radio and newspapers were controlled by gov
    • Life in S.V under Diem =
      • elections were rigged so that Diem one
      • due to free movement agreement in geneva, most catholics had moved south
      • most of the country was buddhist
      • 1955-57 - imprisoned, tortured or killed anyone suspected of being a communist about 12,000 killed and 40,00 imprisoned
    • NLF and Ho Chi Minh trail-
      • NLF - an attempt by N.V to turn S.V communis
      • they used the trail to send n.v aid to communist supporters in the south
      • NLF was formed in s.v agained Diem

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