Tsar: Economic Continuity and Change
- Created by: naailah ahmed
- Created on: 28-02-18 16:50
View mindmap
- Alexander II
- Tsar: Economic Continuity and Change
- Alexander III
- Vyshnegradsky
- Finance minister from 1887-92
- Increased import tarrif by 30% to boost home production
- Grain exports by forcing peasants to sell grain to the state
- He needed to balance the budget so he negotiated foreign loans- eg. from France in 1888
- Finance Minister 1892 - 1903
- Grain exports by forcing peasants to sell grain to the state
- Strengths
- Grain exports increased by 18% (1881-91)
- By 1892 the Russian budget was in surplus
- Limitations
- Peasants suffered from heavy taxation, high goods prices and grain requisitions
- Vyshnegradsky
- Nicholas II
- Alexander III
- Von Reutern Reforms
- Because Russia did not have a wealthy middle class industrialisation was led by the state in order to catch up with the west
- Tax Farming was abolsihed which meant that companies could no longer buy the right to collect taxes
- The treasury was reformed and new arrangements for collecting taxes, audting the accounts of government departments, and budgeting.
- Banks and credit facilites made available
- Government subsidies were offered to private companies to develop railways
- Government gauranteed annual dividends to encourage foreign investment
- Government support was offered for the development of the cotton industry
- Government gauranteed annual dividends to encourage foreign investment
- Government subsidies were offered to private companies to develop railways
- Banks and credit facilites made available
- The treasury was reformed and new arrangements for collecting taxes, audting the accounts of government departments, and budgeting.
- Tax Farming was abolsihed which meant that companies could no longer buy the right to collect taxes
- Finance minister from 1862-78
- Strengths
- The cotton industry and minnign both expanded
- There were some improvements in agriculture
- The cotton industry and minnign both expanded
- Limitations
- Slow growth
- The Russian currency was unstable and wnt towards paying off debts
- Indirect taxation kept the peasantry poor and domestic market small.
- Because Russia did not have a wealthy middle class industrialisation was led by the state in order to catch up with the west
- Tsar: Economic Continuity and Change
- Resulted in the Great Famine (1891 - 92)
- Bad harvest - over 350,000 deaths
- Witte
- Finance Minister 1892 - 1903
- Sought additional loans from abroad
- Increased investment in mining, oil, and banking
- Strengths
- By Russia had the second longest railway track in the world - 62, 000 kilometer
- Railway built a link to the far east
- Railway development stimulated heavy industries and reduced transport costs for manufactuers and provided government revenue
- By 1914 Russia had become the fifth-largest industrial power
- Coal growth from 3.2 tonne to 25.4 tonne from 1880 - 1910
- Railway development stimulated heavy industries and reduced transport costs for manufactuers and provided government revenue
- Railway built a link to the far east
- By Russia had the second longest railway track in the world - 62, 000 kilometer
- Limitations
- The cost of industrialisation was high and russia became dependent on foreign investment
- It had increased nearly ten fold from 1880 to 1900
- The cost of industrialisation was high and russia became dependent on foreign investment
Comments
No comments have yet been made