The Thaw 1953-62

Created by: Aimee
Created on: 21-05-13 15:40

View mindmap

The Thaw 1953-62
- Causes
  - Death of Stalin
    - Opportunity for change of approach
    - Need to gain Prestige
    - Untitled
    - had arguably lost power by '53 anyway?
    - New leadership
      - Power struggle
        Beria- proposal for reunified neutral Germany uprisingsJune 1953 =undermined
        
        Malenkov- 'New Course' =softer approach towards west - redirect resources away from military
        Krushchev- 1957 leader. 1956= destalinisation 'Peaceful Coexistance'
        
        Krushchev- 1957 leader. 1956= destalinisation 'Peaceful Coexistance'
        
        1954-K dominance over molotov
  - New leadership
    - Power struggle
      - Beria- proposal for reunified neutral Germany uprisingsJune 1953 =undermined
      - Malenkov- 'New Course' =softer approach towards west - redirect resources away from military
      - 1954-K dominance over molotov
  - Consolidation of positions
    - 1945- both trying to establish spheres of I, by 1955- both sides sides established
    - Security under NATO + Warsaw Pact
    - Had to accept division- poss negotiation
  - Military + economy
    - 1949- both have a-bomb '55-H-bomb 54-both tested lithium bomb
    - 1/3 of USSR income used on arms race= destabilising
    - 12% USA GNP on defence
    - Commitments e.g Korea, NATO, SEATO
    - money needed redirecting towards social measures
- Achievements
  - End to Korean War 1953- armistice signed
  - Geneva Conference 1954- french withdraw forces from Indochina - not backed by Dulles
  - Geneva Summit 1955
    - 1st US + sov leaders meeting since Potsdam
    - Krush= reunified neutral Germany but W=NATO
    - K= NATO + Warsaw dismantled, replaced by new system- West didn't agree
    - US= arms limitations + 'Open Skies'- rejected
    - only agreement= cultural exchanges +scientists
  - Austrian State Treaty 1955
    - both withdraw troops- save money
    - both allowed neutral Austria
  - K's visit to USA 1959- some tensions - "we will bury you"
- Failures
  - Paris Summit 1960
    - Eisenhower + Krushchev
    - collapsed- U2 Spy plane shot down
  - Vienna Summit: K +Kennedy- nothing achieved
  - Hungarian Uprising 1956
    - recognised spheres of Influence so removed intervention which could provoke war
      - Achievements
        End to Korean War 1953- armistice signed
        
        Geneva Conference 1954- french withdraw forces from Indochina - not backed by Dulles
        
        Geneva Summit 1955
        1st US + sov leaders meeting since Potsdam
        
        Krush= reunified neutral Germany but W=NATO
        
        K= NATO + Warsaw dismantled, replaced by new system- West didn't agree
        
        US= arms limitations + 'Open Skies'- rejected
        
        only agreement= cultural exchanges +scientists
        
        Austrian State Treaty 1955
        both withdraw troops- save money
        
        both allowed neutral Austria
        
        K's visit to USA 1959- some tensions - "we will bury you"
    - limits to destalinisation,
    - Still acting in the same manner
    - K= willing to accept some reforms, not leaving warsaw pact
      - Still insecuritites about security
    - Janos Kadar= some reform, not Warsaw
    - Still insecuritites about security
  - Arms Race+ Space Race
    - Continued- H-bomb
    - failure of open skies
    - 57= Sputnik 61=1st man in space
    - = both failed to reduce mil. expenditure in a meaningful way
      - Flexible Response= cuts reversed
      - USSR= investing in space programme
- Impact of Kennedy
  - 1961- Flexible response= wider choices
    - expansion of conventional forces soldiers- 2.5m(60)- 2.7m(64)
  - economic aid- removing poverty ($20bn-Latin America)
  - more covert methods- Bay of Pigs (1961)

Get Revising

The Thaw 1953-62

Comments

Similar History resources: