the formation of romantic relationships
- Created by: mollskie49
- Created on: 07-06-13 20:14
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- reward/need satisfaction theory
- Physiological support
- Aron et al – pps measuring higher on self-report questionnaires of romantic love showed strong activity in the ventral tegmental area of brain
- Early stage, intense romantic love associated with that region of the brain rich in dopamine
- Aron et al – pps measuring higher on self-report questionnaires of romantic love showed strong activity in the ventral tegmental area of brain
- Reward/need satisfaction theory
- Mutual attraction when each partner meets other person’s needs
- Attracted to people we find satisfying or gratifying
- Evidence for need/satisfaction
- Through FB
- Sheldon et al – FB use +vely correlated with both +ve connectedness and –ve disconnectedness, feelings of r/s satisfaction
- For rationally connected people, sociability motivates FB use and satisfies their r/s needs
- For disconnected people, lack of satisfaction through face-to-face r/s might lead to using FB as coping strategy
- For rationally connected people, sociability motivates FB use and satisfies their r/s needs
- Sheldon et al – FB use +vely correlated with both +ve connectedness and –ve disconnectedness, feelings of r/s satisfaction
- Through FB
- Mutual attraction when each partner meets other person’s needs
- Reward/Punishment
- People can be stimuli, so negative or positive feelings come attached.
- Operant conditioning
- People can be stimuli, so negative or positive feelings come attached.
- Attraction through association
- People are more liked when associated with pleasant events
- Person can also be neutral stimuli.
- We can learn to like them through association
- Classical conditioning
- When +ve feelings outweigh –ve, r/s likely to develop and succeed
- Opposite, likely to fail
- When +ve feelings outweigh –ve, r/s likely to develop and succeed
- Classical conditioning
- We can learn to like them through association
- Person can also be neutral stimuli.
- People are more liked when associated with pleasant events
- Evidence for importance of rewards
- Griffitt and Guay – Support direct reinforcement. Creative tasks given to Pps, experimenter rated task then pps rated experimenter. Exps who rated tasks highly were rated more highly by pps.
- Mundane realism
- Most lab studies lack realism
- Some e.g. Caspi and Herbener were repeated w/ real life couples and supported claims.
- Most lab studies lack realism
- IDA – Cultural bias
- Reward/need satisfaction theory doesn’t account for cultural/gender difs in formation of r/s
- Lott – Women more focused on the needs of others. Theories are not universal
- Reward/need satisfaction theory doesn’t account for cultural/gender difs in formation of r/s
- the formation of romantic relationships
- similarity
- similarity
- Similarity promotes liking
- Byrne’s model – similarity of personality and attitudes emphasized in model
- Similarity promotes liking
- personality
- Likely to be attracted to people with similar personality traits than those with dissimilar or complementary traits – Berscheid & Reis
- Not always the case, some are complete opposite
- Similarity often the rule
- Particularly in long term - Caspi and Herbener
- Married couples with similar personalities tend to be happier than those with less similar personalities
- Particularly in long term - Caspi and Herbener
- Similarity often the rule
- Not always the case, some are complete opposite
- Likely to be attracted to people with similar personality traits than those with dissimilar or complementary traits – Berscheid & Reis
- attitudes
- Process of attitude alignment
- Partners modify their attitudes to become more similar
- In order for r/s to be developed, one or both must modify attitudes so they converge
- Partners modify their attitudes to become more similar
- Process of attitude alignment
- similarity/ dissimilarity
- Rosenbaum – dissimilarity was a more important factor than similarity in determining whether r/s will develop
- Repulsion hypothesis (dissimilarity) tested in number of countries
- This study shows that people are initially attracted due similarity of attitudes
- As they got to know each other, those who discovered more dissimilarities than similarities became less attracted to each other
- This study shows that people are initially attracted due similarity of attitudes
- Repulsion hypothesis (dissimilarity) tested in number of countries
- Rosenbaum – dissimilarity was a more important factor than similarity in determining whether r/s will develop
- limitations
- Research only dealt with attitudes and personality similarity
- Yoshida – this represents a very narrow view of factors
- Other important factors: similarity of self-concept, economic level and physical condition
- People choose partners with similar levels of body fat
- Other important factors: similarity of self-concept, economic level and physical condition
- Yoshida – this represents a very narrow view of factors
- Research only dealt with attitudes and personality similarity
- Why is similarity so important?
- We assume people similar to us are more likely to like us
- By ruling out dissimilar people we lessen the chance of being rejected – Condon and Crano.
- When people share our attitudes and beliefs and beliefs it validates them and in turn rewards us
- By ruling out dissimilar people we lessen the chance of being rejected – Condon and Crano.
- We assume people similar to us are more likely to like us
- similarity
- similarity
- Physiological support
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