The first and second civil wars
- Created by: BeccaEK
- Created on: 04-04-15 10:31
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- The first and second civil wars
- Main battles
- 1642 EDGEHILL inconclusive
- 1643 NEWBURY inconclusive
- 1644 MARSTON MOOR Parliament victory
- 1645 NASEBY Royalists defeated (war peters out)
- Parliament's control of key areas
- London + Southeast
- Charles would have to capture London to win the war
- London had the most effective militia
- Wealthy areas - giving Parliament a large tax base
- Seaports + Navy
- Could keep trading going
- Kept out possible foreign allies for Charles
- Kept their own ports safe + had easy access to Royalist's
- London + Southeast
- Nature of warfare
- Became series of regional conflicts - sieges, storming of towns etc
- Royalist advances on London would have to be slow
- especially after failure of three pronged attack on Southeast in 1643
- Parliament's war effort
- Raising money + supplies became more systematic during war
- Weekly assessments enforced (tax on land) + 1643 excise ordinance (sales tax)
- New Model Army
- Fairfax = commander in chief, Cromwell = cavalry leader
- 'war winning army' founded 1645
- Responsible for victory at Naseby
- Soldiers got regular pay + promoted according to ability not nobility
- Self-defying ordinance
- Parliament could get rid of commanders unable or unwilling to defeat King
- Prince Rupert's failures
- Brilliant cavalry commander but failed at Edgehill and Marston Moor
- Royalists had no reserve cavalry to back up his successes
- Brilliant cavalry commander but failed at Edgehill and Marston Moor
- Parliament's superior allies
- 1643 signed 'Solemn League' and Covenant with Scots
- Scot's army of 20,000 infantry + 3,000 cavalry arrived Jan. 1644
- Scots captured 1/3 Royalist land in North
- 1646 - Charles surrendered to Scots at Newark
- Charles' aid = military aid from Irish Catholics
- Not as well trained + help promote idea of Catholic conspiracy
- Only 6,000 infantry arrive
- 1643 signed 'Solemn League' and Covenant with Scots
- Second civil war 1648
- Charles sparked this by setting his enemies up against eachother
- 1648 - Parliament voted to restart negotiations with Charles
- planned to bring him back to London
- Army took control - Dec 2648 = Pride's Purge
- Army leadership put Charles on trial Jan 1649
- Main battles
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