The collapse of Outremer
- Created by: Isabelle
- Created on: 30-03-14 15:35
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- The Decline of Outremer
- Why do the Crusader states collapse in 1187?
- Poor leadership e.g Raymond of Antioch, Reynald of Antioch attacks Cyprus (Byzantine land)
- Lack of Western help, Europe at War with itself - German Emperor vs Pope + England vs France
- Rise in Muslim unity, Nur-al Din, then Saladin, Jihadi ideas
- Over ambition e.g BIII stretches resources by taking Ascalon, now focused on Egypt
- Frankish disunity, Thierry of Flanders arrives but they don't like westerners
- Dove faction
- Peaceful motives
- Led by Raymond III of Tripoli
- Peaceful motives
- Hawk faction
- More violent methods
- Led by Agnes of Courtenay
- Eventually have control over Baldwin + Guy L
- More violent methods
- Dove faction
- Actions of the Nobility e.g Reynald doesn't honor truce, captured + held ransom
- Geographical weaknesses, surrounded by hostility, Anatolia, Seljuks, Saladin. They have ports but no help
- Why the Franks lost at the Battle of Hattin in 1187?
- Actions of Guy, wanted to repeat Baisan, stay close + protect themselves. But under-supplied attack, wants to defend on extinct volcano
- Strength of Saladin, large army, unified, provokes crusaders (attacks Tiberius) +traps them
- Internal rivalries e.g Raymond ends alliance w/Saladin +goes back to Guy. Gerard de Ridefort dislikes Raymond
- Reynald de Chatillon = uncontrollable liability, declares own land independent, aggravates Saladin by raiding Muslims etc
- Geographically weak position, desert betw/cities
- Events after Hattin 1187
- 1187 Saladin takes Jerusalem, captured + ransomed inhabitants
- 1187-8 Saladin besieges Montreal
- 1188 Saladin besieges Saone
- 1189 Saladin besieges Belvoir
- 1188 Saladin besieges Saone
- 1187-8 Saladin besieges Montreal
- 1191 Battle of Arsuf westerners have devastating effect, Acre also attacked
- 1187 Saladin takes Jerusalem, captured + ransomed inhabitants
- Why do the Crusader states collapse in 1187?
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