WATER - The Global Hydrological Cycle
- Created by: aliceoliviaaa
- Created on: 14-05-18 19:46
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- The Global Hydrological Cycle
- It is a closed system with no external inputs or outputs. This means global water is finite and constant.
- POWER drives the cycle. Solar energy (heat), and Gravitational energy (causes down flow of rivers and precipitation to fall).
- Stores
- reservoirs where water is held. (OCEANS, GLACIERS/ ICE SHEETS,(cryosphere accounts for 69% of all global freshwater) SURFACE RUNOFF - rivers, lakes, groundwater, ATMOSPHERE.
- flows
- transfers of water from one store to another - precipitation, evaporation, transpiration and vapour transport.
- Processes
- Infiltration, surface run-off, sub-surface throughflow, deep groundwater flow, percolation, precipitation, interception, stem flow.
- Fluxes
- the rates of flow between stores.
- Processes
- Infiltration, surface run-off, sub-surface throughflow, deep groundwater flow, percolation, precipitation, interception, stem flow.
- The Global Water Budget - the balance between precipitation, evaporation and surface run-off. (indicates water available for human use.
- only 2.5% of the budget is freshwater, the rest is in oceans. however, 70% of this freshwater is locked up in glaciers, leaving just 1% of accessible freshwater.
- Accessible freshwater can be found in lakes (52%), soil moisture, atmosphere, rivers and plants (in order)
- The 1% of freshwater is the major water source for all human use.
- P=E+R(+-)S Where S is storage.
- only 2.5% of the budget is freshwater, the rest is in oceans. however, 70% of this freshwater is locked up in glaciers, leaving just 1% of accessible freshwater.
- Residence time - the average time a water molecule spends in a store.
- can be from 10 days (atmosphere) to 3,600 years (oceans), 15,000 (ice caps).
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