the development of the terror

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  • Development of the Terror
    • The Journees of June and August 1792
      • the sans-culottes used violence + crowd action to achieve political aims
        • helped break a political deadlock
      • June 1792- anniversary or tennis court oath, 8000 sans-culottes marched to Tuileries
        • demanded Louis to withdraw vetoes + reinstate pro war ministers
          • outcome of Louis making toast to nation+ wearing a bonnet rouge
            • despite making no promises to demands, crowd were satisfied + were persuaded to go home by mayor
      • Brunswick manifesto August 1st- if King harmed prisoners killed by Austrians
      • 10th August 1792 20,000 sans- culottes + 2000 federes march on Tuileries
        • King took refuge in Assembly, loyal national guardsmen + swiss guards defended King
        • many national guard defected, King's defence massacred
      • outcome
        • King 'temporarily suspended', new convention promised with all men over 25 being able to vote
        • Paris Commune replaced with 'insurrectionary Commune' with Jacobin majority
          • key revolutionary body during terror
    • The War
      • Declaration of Pillnitz 27th August 1791
        • Austria + Prussia calling on restoration of French crown
        • people didn't take it too seriously as powers declared they'd only intervene if had more support
      • Louis used suspensory veto against decree banishing emigres + refractory priests in wake of tension
      • little opposition to war in Assembly as few left-wings had seats
      • February 1792 Prussia promises 20,000 to Austria for war against France
        • Leopold II dies March 1792 + Francis neglects French demands
          • France declare war  on Austria 20th April 1792
      • The Brunswick Manifesto- Prussia declared to wreak vengeance on Paris if royal family hurt
        • had opposite effect- inspired Parisians to defend
      • 11th July 1792 La Patrie en danger issued to call on support for war effort
    • September Massacres 1792
      • new constitution 22nd Sep 1792
      • caused by poor war proceedings + Prussian advancements into French territory
      • Sep 2nd armed sans-culottes stormed prisons + killed 1000-1500 prisoners
        • violence carried on till Sep 6th, 1/3 victims counter-revolutionaries
      • created bigger political divide between moderate Girondins + radical Jacobins
        • no Girondins elected in Parisian convention elections
    • King's death 21st Jane 1793
      • 1st Nov 1792- committee set up for legal problems about trial
      • 20th Nov 1792, papers found proving Louis to have been in 'counter revolutionary' activities
      • Louis put on trial, convention would act as judge + jury - 3rd Dec 1792

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