The 1569 Northern rebellion
- Created by: steloah1
- Created on: 01-05-22 23:17
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- The Northern Rebellion (1569)
- Significance
- Support
- Geographically limited
- Earls received no support form the conservative nobility in the north
- Little enthusiasm to rid of EI
- this does not been there was enthusiasm for EI, there was little consensus around who might replace EI
- No chance of recieving foreign support
- Timing
- The year before EI's papal bull of excommunication
- Execution
- Ruthless persecution but not all executions carried out
- 700 ordered, 450 executed
- Ruthless persecution but not all executions carried out
- Suppression
- Showed that EI's government worked
- Cecil spent time studying a map of Durham to find the best course of action
- Authorities acted decisively
- Leicester was able to raise a loyal force in the Midlands
- Note that the rebels had dispersed long before the men made it up north
- This was to undermine Sussex than suppress rebels
- Note that the rebels had dispersed long before the men made it up north
- Leicester was able to raise a loyal force in the Midlands
- Also showed the limitations
- Showed the lack of comprehension of the north-south cultural divide
- Based on religion
- Showed the lack of comprehension of the north-south cultural divide
- Showed that EI's government worked
- Support
- Cause
- Motivation of the leaders
- Charles Neville (6th Earl of Westmoreland) and Thomas Percy (7th Earl of Northumberland
- Hopelessly disorganised with no clear organisations
- Leaders were not politically astute
- Hopelessly disorganised with no clear organisations
- Courtly conspiracy
- MQS destabilised political situation and focused attention to succession
- Norfolk approached by MQS' agents for them to marry, MQS return to the Scottish throne, and thier children be heirs to the throne
- Not main cause but contributed to the sense of crisis that gave rise to the revolt
- Norfolk approached by MQS' agents for them to marry, MQS return to the Scottish throne, and thier children be heirs to the throne
- MQS destabilised political situation and focused attention to succession
- Local and specific factors
- The earls felt dishonour through being cut out of northern government and lost influence in court
- Religion
- Clearly motivated by religion
- Westmorland resented the Protestant establishment being imposed in Durham by Bishop Pilkington and Dean Whittingham
- 14 November Richard Norton carried the Five Wounds banner into Durham Cathedral
- demonstrating his religious conservativism
- links to the pilgrimage of grace
- Clearly motivated by religion
- Militant associates
- the militant Richard Norton and Christopher Neville pushed the 'simple earls' into uprising
- Charles Neville (6th Earl of Westmoreland) and Thomas Percy (7th Earl of Northumberland
- Motivation of ordinary participants
- Feudal loyalties
- Loyalties to the ancient houses of Percy and Neville
- Pardon patents listed numerous tenants of these households
- An oversimplification of rebel motivaton
- Loyalties to the ancient houses of Percy and Neville
- Religous motivation
- In Durham, radical protestants were in key posts and pushed reform with no consideration for conservative sensitivities
- For example, the dispute about the replacement of an alter with a communion table at Sedgefield in Durham
- Large participation in Sedgefield
- The dean and chapter of Durham was accused of discrimination against Catholic tenants
- Desecration of catholic symbols
- Dean Whittingham used holy water stoups in the kitchen
- Destruction of the last vestiges of the cult of St Cuthbert caused huge offence
- For example, the dispute about the replacement of an alter with a communion table at Sedgefield in Durham
- In Durham, radical protestants were in key posts and pushed reform with no consideration for conservative sensitivities
- Feudal loyalties
- Motivation of the leaders
- Key events
- The Earl of Sussex questioned the earls about rumours of rebellion but was assured of their loyalty
- EI summoned the earls to question their loyalty
- This is argued to have sparked their decision to rebel
- EI summoned the earls to question their loyalty
- Rebellion began on the 7th of November
- Rebels seized Durham on the 14th of November and held mass in the Cathedral
- Shows religous motivation
- Rebels seized Durham on the 14th of November and held mass in the Cathedral
- 14th December rebels laid siege on the crowns main stronghold in county Durham ,Bernard castle.
- Also captured Hartepool which tehy optimistically thought might be fit enough to recieve a Spanish army
- At this time the royal army was making progress north
- Prompted rebels to disband
- Westmorland escaped to the Spanish Netherlands, Northumberland went to Scotland (handed back and executed @ York in 1572)
- The Earl of Sussex questioned the earls about rumours of rebellion but was assured of their loyalty
- Significance
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