Stalin's Russia 1924-41
- Created by: RajeevSood
- Created on: 15-04-16 18:44
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- Stalin's Russia
- Claims to power (1924)
- Stalin
- Was General Secretary
- Excellent organiser
- Always loyal to Lenin
- Organised Lenin's funeral
- Believed in building up communism in the USSR into a strong power
- Appealed to Russians who had gone through years of struggle
- Trotsky
- Carried out actual Bolshevik takeover of Petrograd
- Clever and a powerful speaker and writer
- Supported Karl Marx's original aim of communism spreading to all the developed countries
- Led Red Army to victory in the Russian Civil War
- Stalin
- The power struggle
- 1925 - Trotsky dismissed as Commissar for War
- 1926 - Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev dismissed from Politburo
- 1927 - Zinoviev and Trotsky were expelled from Communist party
- 1929 - Trotsky was expelled from the Communist Party
- 1929 - Bukharin expelled from Politburo
- 1929 - Trotsky was expelled from the Communist Party
- 1927 - Zinoviev and Trotsky were expelled from Communist party
- 1926 - Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev dismissed from Politburo
- 1925 - Trotsky dismissed as Commissar for War
- The purges
- Reasons
- Stalin never felt secure
- Believed that there were people plotting to depose him
- Convenient way of excusing faliure and setbacks
- If targets were not met, faliure could be blamed on sabotage
- Provided reasons for getting rid of enemies of the State
- If targets were not met, faliure could be blamed on sabotage
- Believed USSR could be unified by getting rid of enemies of the State
- Stalin never felt secure
- Purging of the armed forces
- 75 out of 80 men on Supreme Military Council executed
- 35,000 officers shot or imprisoned
- All 6 admirals executed
- 8 generals secretly tried and executed
- Great Terror
- Millions arrested, shot or sent to military camps
- Exact number of people died unknown
- But suggested that as many as 12 million died
- Result of execution or appalling conditions
- But suggested that as many as 12 million died
- Exact number of people died unknown
- Millions arrested, shot or sent to military camps
- Show Trials
- Trials broadcast to the world
- Zinoviev and Kamenev brought to trial in 1936
- Found guilty of plotting to assassinate Stalin with help of Trotsky
- Shot
- Found guilty of plotting to assassinate Stalin with help of Trotsky
- Zinoviev and Kamenev brought to trial in 1936
- Trials broadcast to the world
- Reasons
- Economically building up the USSR
- Five Year Plans
- 1st Five Year Plan (1928-32)
- Aimed to expand heavy industry
- e.g. coal, iron, steel, oil
- New cities built around new industrial areas
- Aimed to expand heavy industry
- 2nd Five Year Plan (1933-37)
- Concentrated on making machines - particularly tractors
- 3rd Five Year Plan (1938-41)
- Aimed to produce consumer goods for loyal citizens
- Quickly transformed into building weapons
- Proved necessary when Germany invaded USSR in June 1941
- Quickly transformed into building weapons
- Aimed to produce consumer goods for loyal citizens
- Effects
- More crude oil
- More coal
- More steel
- More electricity
- More tractors
- 1st Five Year Plan (1928-32)
- Collectivisation
- Bringing many individual farms together to form big collective farms
- Process began in 1929
- 25 million peasant farms combined to form 240,000 collective farms
- Most peasants refused to give up their land
- Killed their livestock
- Caused animal population to fall by about 1/2
- Famine occurred between 1931 and 1933
- 6 million died
- Eventually peasants conformed
- 6 million died
- Famine occurred between 1931 and 1933
- Caused animal population to fall by about 1/2
- Killed their livestock
- Most peasants refused to give up their land
- 25 million peasant farms combined to form 240,000 collective farms
- Process began in 1929
- Effects
- More pigs
- More grain
- Less cattle
- Bringing many individual farms together to form big collective farms
- Five Year Plans
- Strengthening his dictatorship
- The 1936 Constitution
- NKVD (Stalin's secret police) acted outside constitution
- Supreme Soviet elected by everyone aged 18 and over
- Only Communist Party members allowed to be candidates
- Supreme Soviet met for only two weeks a year
- Everyone guaranteed freedom of speech and religion
- Cult of Personality
- Used his control of government to present himself in favourable light
- Dissenters were punished e.g. Solzhenitsyn
- Writers, film-makers and artists made to produce works that praised Stalin's achievement
- History was rewritten
- Used his control of government to present himself in favourable light
- The 1936 Constitution
- Claims to power (1924)
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